Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003

Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003. (a) streamwater flow and pH, (b) non-marine concentrations of sulfate and base cations, and (c) chloride and non-marine [..]
Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003

Atmospheric sulphur cycle

Atmospheric sulphur cycle
Atmospheric sulphur cycle

Critical loads of acidity for soils

Critical loads of acidity for terrestrial ecosystems in northern Europe and Canada north of 60 degrees N.
Critical loads of acidity for soils

Sulphur dioxide concentrations in air and emissions from the smelter at Nikel

Annual SO2 concentrations in air at ground level at the Svanvik monitoring station, and SO2 emissions from the non-ferrous metal smelters at Nikel
Sulphur dioxide concentrations in air and emissions from the smelter at Nikel

SO2 concentration at the Svanvik monitoring station

Annual SO2 concentration in air at ground level at the Svanvik monitoring station and SO2 emissions from the non-ferrous metal smelters at Nikel
SO2 concentration at the Svanvik monitoring station

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995, showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon; (b) ammonium acetate extractable (pH 4.5) base cation concentrations [..]
Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils

Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils (x-axis) vs. their total concentrations (aqua regia extractable) in the C-horizon of soils and in moss in 1995
Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils

A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995

A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995, showing changes from east to west in (a) total Al (nitric acid) and exchangeable Al concentrations in the O-horizon; (b) [..]
A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995

Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 and from 2000 to 2001

Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 (Kola Ecogeochemistry Project) and from 2000 to 2001 (Barents Ecogeochemistry Project)
Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 and from 2000 to 2001

Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction)

Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction), exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Al concentrations and the exchangeable Al:(Ca+Mg+K+Na) ratio in the O-horizon in the ‘no visual damage’ [..]
Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction)

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995 (C–D on Figure 5.2), showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon; (b) ammonium acetate extractable (pH 4.5) base [..]
Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch leaves and (b) Scots pine needles at Svanvik

Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch (Betula pubescens) leaves and (b) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles at Svanvik, Norway, approximately 10 km northwest of Nikel
Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch leaves and (b) Scots pine needles at Svanvik

Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project

Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project
Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios: 1990 emissions, the CLE scenario for 2010 (CLE, 2010), and the MFR scenario for 2020 (MFR, 2020).
Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios

Median values for a selection of key chemical variables

Median values for a selection of key chemical variables including the calculated critical load of acidity CLAc and exceedance
Median values for a selection of key chemical variables



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