Mnemiopsis Leidyi in the Caspian Sea: Mnemiopsis Bibliography (III part)



Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Database: ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts) Record 41 of 64 TI: Title High-resolution observations of plankton spatial distributions correlated with hydrography in the Great South Channel, Georges Bank AU: Author Gallager, SM; Davis, CS; Epstein, AW; Solow, A; Beardsley, RC AF: Author Affiliation Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA SO: Source Deep-Sea Research (Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography) [Deep-Sea Res. (2 Top. Stud. Oceanogr.)], vol. 43, no. 7-8, pp. 1627-1663, 1996 IS: ISSN 0967-0645 NT: Notes Special issue: Physical-Biological Interactions on Georges Bank and Its Environs. Includes CD-ROM appendix. AB: Abstract During a cruise to Georges Bank in May 1992, the Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) was used to non-invasively obtain images of the plankton and environmental (CTD) data. Data from an 8 h transect across the Great South Channel (GSC) were analyzed on a continuum of spatial scales from coarse-scale (100 km) to micro-scale (mm). Abundance was determined for 12 taxonomic groups including: invertebrate larvae (ophiopluteus larvae, anthozoa larvae: Cerianthus sp.), hydroids, copepods (Calanus sp., Pseudocalanus sp.), pteropods (Limacina retroversa, Clione sp.), ctenophores (Mnemiopsis sp., Pleurobrachia sp.), larvacea (Oikopleura sp.), chaetognatha (Sagitta sp.), and diatom colonies (Chaetoceros socialis). Species-specific plots of the positions of individual plankton in the water column and plots of the temperature and salinity at which the plankton were observed (temperature-salinity-plankton plots) showed that major taxonomic groups were patchy at coarse scales because of their association with specific water masses of different origin and associated temperature/density discontinuities (pycnocline and fronts). Analysis of the T-S characteristics of water types indicated that diatom colonies and ophiopluteus larvae of echinoderms were transported to GSC in a band of cold water originating on the south flank of Georges Bank. Within this band, diatom colonies formed an intense patch at a front reaching a density of 5/ml super(1). Within each water mass, fine-scale (10s of meters) plankton patchiness was associated with regions of vertical stability as indicated by the association of plankton with regions of high gradient Richardson number. Aggregation of plankton at the microscale (< 1 m) occurred significantly only for plankton capable of active swimming, suggesting a dynamic interaction between biological and physical variables at this spatial scale. On occasion, veliger larvae of Limacina retroversa were found in spawning patches at concentrations exceeding 600/ml within a few centimeters of the air-sea interface. The ability to observe and quantify local concentrations of plankton together with micro-scale physics, but over broad spatial scales, will help provide information on the coupling between spatial scales necessary to understand how individuals interact to form populations and communities in the world oceans. Record 42 of 64 TI: Title Fish predation on neritric ctenophores from the Argentine continental shelf: A neglected food resource? AU: Author Mianzan,HW; Mari,N; Prenski,B; Sanchez,F AF: Author Affiliation CONICET, Inst. Nac. de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Pesquero (INIDEP), PO Box 175, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina SO: Source Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) [Fish. Res.], vol. 27, no. 1-3, pp. 69-79, 1996 IS: ISSN 0165-7836 AB: Abstract Information concerning fish species that prey on ctenophores and other gelatinous plankters is presented for the first time from Argentine coastal waters (34-47-'S). Stomachs from 25,029 individuals of 69 fish species were analysed. At least 5% of the filled guts from 20 different fish species (29%), some of commercial value, contained ctenophores and gelatinous items. During most of the year, the percentage of fish species feeding on ctenophores is fairly constant (15-23%) and their frequency in gut contents is low (7-17%). During spring, these values, increase to 35% and 28%, respectively, which may be correlated with an increase in the abundance of ctenophores (Mnemiopsis maccradyi, M. leidyi, Pleurobrachia pileus and Beroe ovata during this season. Stromateus brasiliensis (Stromateidae) and Seriolella porosa (Centrolophidae) feed almost exclusively on ctenophores during most of the year. Helicolenus dactylopterus lahillei (Scorpaenidae) feed on this prey item mainly when it is abundant. This implies that gelatinous plankton, and particularly ctenophores, are abundant enough to support the biomass of the above-mentioned fish species. Further studies should be carried out in different areas of the Argentine continental shelf to quantify the contribution of gelatinous plankton in the diets of different fish species. Record 43 of 64 TI: Title Mnemiopsis mccradyi, a new inhabitant of the Black Sea AU: Author Kovalev, AV; Zaika, VYe; Ostrovskaya, NA; Sergeyeva, NG; Mel'nikov, VV; Tamoykin, IYu; Ivanova, II; Svetlichnyy, LS AF: Author Affiliation Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russia SO: Source Hydrobiological Journal [Hydrobiol. J.]; Gidrobiol. Zh., vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 25-29; vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 104-107, 1996 IS: ISSN 0018-8166 AB: Abstract Data on the morphology, reproduction and diet of Mnemiopsis mccradyi, a new inhabitant of the Black Sea, are presented. The distribution of the species and its temporal variation are described based on data collected between 1988 and 1990. The abundant development of this predator has greatly decreased the abundance of the zooplankton on which it feeds. Record 44 of 64 TI: Title Organic matter composition of the medusa, Aurelia aurita and two species of ctenophores from the Black Sea AU: Author Anninskiy, BE AF: Author Affiliation Dep. Anim. Physiol., Inst. Biol. Southern Seas, Ukrainian Acad. Sci., Sevastopol, 335000 Crimea, Ukraine SO: Source RUSS. J. MAR. BIOL./BIOL. MORYA; BIOL. MORYA, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 221-224; vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 291-295, 1995 IS: ISSN 1063-0740 AB: Abstract The general chemical composition of three species of Black Sea gelatinous zooplankton: the medusa Aurelia aurita and the ctenophores Pleurobranchia rhodopis and Mnemiopsis mccradyi was studied. The total organic content to wet weight ratio decreased in agreement with the succession: P. rhodopis-A. aurita-M. mccradyi (2270 plus or minus 295, 1442 plus or minus 126, and 1153 plus or minus 151 mu g/g respectively). The chemical composition of the studied medusa and ctenophores was similar and was characterized by a predominance of proteins (67.8-81.1% of the organic matter) and lipids (8.7-18.4%), however the content of glycogen in carbohydrates (24.4-67.0) and that of waxes in lipids (4.5-25.7%) differed in accordance with different tendencies of the species for predation. Record 45 of 64 TI: Title Distribution of the ichthyo-jellyplankton Mnemiopsis leidyi (Agassiz, 1865) in the Marmara Sea (October 1992) AU: Author Shiganova, T; Tarkan, AN; Dede, A; Cebeci, M AF: Author Affiliation Inst. Oceanol., Acad. Sci., Moscow, Russia SO: Source Turkish journal of marine sciences. Istanbul [TURK. J. MAR. SCI.], vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-12, 1995 IS: ISSN 1300-7122 AB: Abstract In this study, the distribution and the abundance of the abundance of Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Sea of Marmara are investigated. Samples were taken vertically and from surface from 16 stations with special plankton nets. They were determined taxonomically and separated into three different size groups. According to vertical sampling the abundance of M. leidyi was found to be approximately 4.3 kg/m super(2) near the Bosphorus and 9.7 kg/m super(2) near the Dardanelles. According to the surface samples, the abundance was 0.5-0.7 kg/catch in near Bosphorus and 11-13 kg/catch in Dardanelles. It was determined that the population of M. leidyi was distributed between 10 and 30 m. water depth and there were no fish eggs or larvae in the area. Record 46 of 64 TI: Title Distribution of the ichthyo-jellyplankton Mnemiopsis leidyi (Agassiz, 1865) in the Marmara Sea (October 1992). OT: Original Title Ichtiyo jelli-plankton Mnemiopsis leidyi (Agassiz, 1865) 'nin Marmara denizindeki dagilimi (Ekim 1992) AU: Author Shiganova, T; Tarkan, AN; Dede, A; Cebeci, M AF: Author Affiliation Inst. Oceanol., Acad. Sci., Moscow, Russia SO: Source Turkish journal of marine sciences. Istanbul [TURK. J. MAR. SCI.], vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-12, 1995 IS: ISSN 1300-7122 AB: Abstract In this study, the distribution and the abundance of the abundance of Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Sea of Marmara are investigated. Samples were taken vertically and from surface from 16 stations with special plankton nets. They were determined taxonomically and separated into three different size groups. According to vertical sampling the abundance of M. leidyi was found to be approximately 4.3 kg/m super(2) near the Bosphorus and 9.7 kg/m super(2) near the Dardanelles. According to the surface samples, the abundance was 0.5-0.7 kg/catch in near Bosphorus and 11-13 kg/catch in Dardanelles. It was determined that the population of M. leidyi was distributed between 10 and 30 m. water depth and there were no fish eggs or larvae in the area. Record 47 of 64 TI: Title Predation by the scyphomedusan Chrysaora quinquecirrha on Mnemiopsis leidyi ctenophores AU: Author Purcell, JE; Cowan, JH Jr AF: Author Affiliation Horn Point Environmental Laboratories, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA SO: Source Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf [MAR. ECOL. PROG. SER.], vol. 129, no. 1-3, pp. 63-70, 1995 IS: ISSN 0171-8630 NT: Notes Bibliogr.: 28 ref. AB: Abstract Numerous species of gelatinous zooplankton are known to eat ctenophores, but their predation interactions have seldom been studied. Laboratory experiments showed that Chrysaora quinquecirrha medusae (3 to 20 mm diameter) usually consumed entire ctenophores (Mnemiopsis leidyi) that were equal in diameter or smaller. Although ctenophores larger in diameter than medusae were sometimes consumed completely, often only the lobes of the ctenophores were eaten. These damaged ctenophores healed in the laboratory. Short-lobed ctenophores had reduced fecundity, and probably lowered feeding rates as well. Short-lobed ctenophores were abundant (24 to 76% of the population) in situ during 1990. Large medusae (40 to 120 mm diameter) in 3.2 m super(3) in situ mesocosms cleared ctenophores at high rates (up to 6180 l/d). Clearance rates of medusae decreased with increasing ctenophore density and size, and increased with medusa size. The laboratory-determined clearance rate equation, in combination with medusa sizes and densities in situ, predicted that medusae could eliminate ctenophores from a tributary, but not at 2 stations in the main-stem Chesapeake Bay (USA), which was in agreement with in situ population data. The multiple negative effects of C. quinquecirrha on M. leidyi populations may lead to complex community-level changes that actually may reduce mortality of zooplankton and ichthyoplankton. Record 48 of 64 TI: Title Medusae, siphonophores, and ctenophores as planktivorous predators in changing global ecosystems AU: Author Mills, CE AF: Author Affiliation Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA CA: Corporate Author International Counc. for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen [Denmark] CF: Conference ICES Symp. on Zooplankton Production, Plymouth (UK), 15-19 Aug 1994 ED: Editor Harris, R (eds) SO: Source ZOOPLANKTON PRODUCTION. PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM HELD IN PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND, 15-19 AUGUST 1994., ACADEMIC PRESS, LONDON (UK), Aug 1995, pp. 575-581, ICES journal of marine science. London [ICES J. Mar. Sci.], vol. 52, no. 3-4 IS: ISSN 1054-3139 NT: Notes Issued also as: ICES Mar. Sci. Symp., v. 200. PB: Publisher ACADEMIC PRESS, LONDON (UK) AB: Abstract Medusae, siphonophores, and ctenophores are planktivorous predators operating at higher trophic levels in marine ecosystems of a wide range of productivity. It has been hypothesized that high-productivity ecosystems such as areas of upwelling tend towards food chains dominated by larger phytoplankton, large copepods, and ultimately many species of fish rather than gelatinous predators; ecosystems with lower productivity are characterized by small flagellate phytoplankton, small copepods, and ultimately numerous medusae and ctenophores. Evidence is provided that medusae, siphonophores, and ctenophores are actually important predators in both sorts of planktonic ecosystems, although uneven reporting in the literature may be cause for underestimates of the importance of these carnivores in some systems. As world fisheries begin to experience serious declines, it is relevant to recognize that the carnivorous "jellyfishes" are ubiqitous and are thus opportunistically positioned to utilize secondary production that is ordinarily consumed by fish. Record 49 of 64 TI: Title Modelling the Mnemiopsis sp. population in the Azov Sea AU: Author Volovik, YS; Volovik, AP; Myrzoyan, ZA AF: Author Affiliation Research Institute of the Azov Sea Fishery Problems (AzNIIRKH), 21/2, Beregovaya St., Rostov-on-Don, 344007, Russia CA: Corporate Author International Counc. for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen [Denmark] CF: Conference ICES Symp. on Zooplankton Production, Plymouth (UK), 15-19 Aug 1994 ED: Editor Harris, R (eds) SO: Source ZOOPLANKTON PRODUCTION. PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM HELD IN PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND, 15-19 AUGUST 1994., ACADEMIC PRESS, LONDON (UK), Aug 1995, pp. 735-746, ICES journal of marine science. London [ICES J. Mar. Sci.], vol. 52, no. 3-4 IS: ISSN 1054-3139 NT: Notes Issued also as: ICES Mar. Sci. Symp., v. 200. PB: Publisher ACADEMIC PRESS, LONDON (UK) AB: Abstract In recent years, the Azov Sea ecosystem has been influenced by ctenophores (Mnemiopsis sp.) indigenous to the Atlantic coast of North America. The presence of these ctenophores has caused intertrophical chains and links in the ecosystem to change rapidly. An ecologico-mathematical models system has been formulated that takes into account biological processes such as feeding, food assimilation, respiration and organic release, growth, juvenile and adult mortality, and reproduction. The model also takes account of physical circulation of the Azov Sea and meteorological conditions. The aim of the study has been to predict ctenophore population dynamics in the Azov Sea ecosystem. The results of preliminary simulations compare favourably with observational data. In the future, it is hoped to be able to predict ctenophore population dynamics over an entire year and to evaluate the impact of Mnemiopsis on the ecosystem. Record 50 of 64 TI: Title Feeding, oxygen consumption and growth of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis mccradyi in relation to food concentration. OT: Original Title Pitanie, potreblenie kisloroda i rost grebnevika Mnemiopsis mccradyi v zavisimosti ot kontsentratsii pishchi AU: Author Finenko, GA; Abolmasova, GI; Romanova, ZA AF: Author Affiliation INBYUM NAN Ukr., Sevastopol', Ukraine SO: Source Biologiya Morya/Marine Biology [Biol. Morya/Mar. Biol.], vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 315-320, 1995 IS: ISSN 0134-3475 AB: Abstract The paper describes experiments performed to study parameters of the energy budget in M. mccradyi, a recent Black Sea resident, in relation to feeding conditions. The rate of food consumption (Acartia clausi or nauplii of Balanus improvisus) at prey concentrations of 20 to 2000/l was found to increase steadily and did not level off even at the maximum concentration. The respiration rate increased with increasing prey concentration only at low concentrations: the oxygen consumption rate was at a maximum at the food concentration as low as 60/l. The oxygen consumption rate in recently caught ctenophores was close to maximum, suggesting adequate food supply in nature. The ctenophores began growing at a high prey concentration (100/l), their weight decreasing at lower concentrations (20 and 60/l). The experimental data are compared to those obtained in situ, and factors responsible for differences are discussed. Record 51 of 64 TI: Title Modelling of the Mnemiopsis sp. population in the Azov Sea AU: Author Volovik, YS; Volovik, SP; Myrzoyan, ZA AF: Author Affiliation Research Institute of the Azov Sea Fishery Problems, 21/2, Beregovaya St., Rostov-on-Don, Russia SO: Source ICES Journal of Marine Science [ICES J. Mar. Sci.], vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 735-746, 1995 IS: ISSN 1054-3139 AB: Abstract In recent years, the Azov Sea ecosystem has been influenced by ctenophores (Mnemiopsis sp.) indigenous to the Atlantic coast of North America. The presence of these ctenophores has caused intertrophical chains and links in the ecosystem to change rapidly. An ecologico-mathematical models system has been formulated that takes into account biological processes such as feeding, food assimilation, respiration and organic release, growth, juvenile and adult mortality, and reproduction. The model also takes account of physical circulation of the Azov Sea and meteorological conditions. The aim of the study has been to predict ctenophore population dynamics in the Azov Sea ecosystem. The results of preliminary simulations compare favourably with observational data. In the future, we hope to be able to predict ctenophore population dynamics over an entire year and to evaluate the impact of Mnemiopsis on the ecosystem. Record 52 of 64 TI: Title Medusae, siphonophores, and ctenophores as planktivorous predators in changing global ecosystems AU: Author Mills, CE AF: Author Affiliation Friday Harbor Laboratory, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA, USA SO: Source ICES Journal of Marine Science [ICES J. Mar. Sci.], vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 575-581, 1995 IS: ISSN 1054-3139 AB: Abstract Medusae, siphonophores, and ctenophores are planktivorous predators operating at higher trophic levels in marine ecosystems of a wide range of productivity. It has been hypothesized that high-productivity ecosystems such as areas of upwelling tend towards food chains dominated by larger phytoplankton, large copepods, and ultimately many species of fish rather than gelatinous predators; ecosystems with lower productivity are characterized by small flagellate phytoplankton, small copepods, and ultimately numerous medusae and ctenophores. Evidence is provided that medusae, siphonophores, and ctenophores are actually important predators in both sorts of planktonic ecosystems, although uneven reporting in the literature may be cause for underestimates of the importance of these carnivores in some systems. As world fisheries begin to experience serious declines, it is relevant to recognize that the carnivorous "jellyfishes" are ubiquitous and are thus opportunistically positioned to utilize secondary production that is ordinarily consumed by fish. Record 53 of 64 TI: Title Feeding, respiration, and growth of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis mccradyi in relation to grazing conditions AU: Author Finenko, GA; Abolmasova, GI; Romanova, ZA AF: Author Affiliation Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol', 335011 Ukraine SO: Source Russian Journal of Marine Biology [Russ. J. Mar. Biol.]; Biol. Morya, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 283-287, Oct 1995 IS: ISSN 1063-0740 AB: Abstract The elements of the energy budget of Mnemiopsis mccradyi, a new resident in the Black Sea, are examined in relation to its grazing conditions. The grazing activity of the ctenophores within the prey concentrations of 20 - 200 specimens/l (either the copepod Acartia clausi or nauplii of Balanus improvisus) continually increased and did not plateau even at the maximum food density. The respiration rate of the ctenophores increased only when the prey concentration was small; the maximum oxygen consumption occurred at a prey concentration of 60 specimens/l. The rate of oxygen consumption in newly caught ctenophores was close to the maximum, which is evidence that there is enough food for ctenophores in the natural environment. The ctenophores began to grow at a relatively high prey density (100 specimens/l); at lower concentrations (20 or 60 specimens/l), their body weight decreased. The high food requirements of ctenophores in the Black Sea can be realized only in areas of mass accumulation of zooplankton (DBO). Record 54 of 64 TI: Title International integration of environment protection measures with regard for national priorities as the basis for Black Sea ecosystem sustainable development OT: Original Title Mezhdunarodnaya integratsiya prirodookhrannykh mer s uchetom natsional'nykh prioritetov -- osnova ustojchivogo razvitiya ehkosistemy Chernogo morya AU: Author Yakovlev, VN; Serobaba, II AF: Author Affiliation Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries & Oceanography (YugNIRO), 2, Sverdlov St., 334500, Kerch, Crimea, Ukraine ED: Editor Yakovlev, VN (eds) SO: Source [The main results of YugNIRO complex researches in Azov-Black Seas Region and the World Ocean in 1994.] OSNOVNYE RESUL'TATY KOMPLEKSNYKH ISSLEDOVANIJ YUGNIRO V AZOVO-CHERNOMORSKOM BASSEJNE I MIROVOM OKEANE V 1994 GODU, YugNIRO, Kerch,, 1995, pp. 15-18, Tr. Yugniro/Proc. South. Sci. Res. Inst. Mar. Fish. Ocean., vol. 41 PB: Publisher YugNIRO, Kerch, AB: Abstract At present, the negative impacts of human activities in the Azov-Black Seas region have become apparent in the following: 1) reduction in the rivers outflow; 2) oil pollution and other chemical contamination of the marine environment; 3) destruction of natural biotopes and biocenoses; 4) structural changes in the communities, invasion of new marine species; 5) bacterial contamination. The concept of the Convention between the Black Sea countries aimed at rational use of natural resources, enhancement of productivity of the water bodies, and restoration of ecosystems is discussed. The following actions are proposed: 1) the signing of convention on Fisheries and Conservation of Marine Living Resources in the Black Sea; 2) to expand bilateral cooperation between all Black Sea countries; 3) joint marine research and surveys; 4) mutual exchange of experts for their participation in marine expeditions; 5) to enlarge the scope of ecological and fisheries monitoring; 6) to strengthen control over the state of planktonic communities, taking into account the new invader (ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi); 7) to expand toxicological studies; 8) to expand cooperation in enhancing bioproductivity of natural marine ecosystems (acclimatisation, fish culture, mollusc culture, algae culture). Record 55 of 64 TI: Title Present state of fish resources of the Black and Azov Seas area and their rational utilisation problems OT: Original Title Sovremennoe sostoyanie rybnykh resursov Azovo-Chernomorskogo bassejna i problemy ikh ratsional'nogo ispol'zovaniya AU: Author Serobaba, II; Chashchin, AK AF: Author Affiliation Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries & Oceanography (YugNIRO), 2, Sverdlov St., 334500, Kerch, Crimea, Ukraine; E-mail: i.serobaba@ugniro.crimea.ua ED: Editor Yakovlev, VN (ed) SO: Source The main results of YugNIRO complex research in the Azov-Black Sea Region and the World Ocean in 1994. Osnovnye resul'taty kompleksnykh issledovanij YugNIRO v Azovo-Chernomorskom bassejne i Mirovom okeane v 1994 godu, YugNIRO, Kerch,, 1995, vol. 41, pp. 46-50, Tr. Yugniro/Proc. South. Sci. Res. Inst. Mar. Fish. Ocean. PB: Publisher YugNIRO, Kerch, AB: Abstract Stocks of species targeted by coastal Black Sea fisheries such as native mullets (Mugilidae), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), garfish (Belone belone), gobies (Gobiidae) declining substantially during the 1980-ies. Regulation measures has no effect. The depressed state of the stocks results generally from degradation of the coastal zone environment due to human industrial activities. Since 1991, certain recovery of the natural bottom and pelagic communities as well as commercial species biomass have been observed. It is related with decreasing in the technogenic pressure on the ecosystems as a result of the economic depression in the majority of the countries in the Black Sea region. Decline of small pelagics stocks (generally anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and horse mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus), were also observed in the late 1980-ies. It was magnified by the competition with ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi for food. Recovery of anchovy stocks was observed from 1991-1992, due to decreasing in the abundance of Mnemiopsis and lower fishing pressure. Black Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattus) stocks remains on a high level (600,000-800,000 t). The stock of horse mackerel is in a depressed state due to excessive Turkish fishery on this species. Estimates of total biomass of the following species are presented: whiting (Merlangius merlangus) on the shelf of Russia and Ukraine, 70,000 t; spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), 36,000 t; throwback ray (Raja clavata) and common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca), about 8,000 t; turbot (Psetta maxima) in the Ukrainian waters, 8,150 t; red mullet off the coasts of Crimea and Caucasus, 3,000 t level. Record 56 of 64 TI: Title Peculiarities in Black Sea plankton-eating fishes food supply formation in 1994 OT: Original Title Osobennosti formirovaniya kormovoj bazy planktonoyadnykh ryb Chernogo morya v 1994 godu AU: Author Grishyn, AN; Sorokolit, LK AF: Author Affiliation Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries & Oceanography (YugNIRO), 2, Sverdlov St., 334500, Kerch, Crimea, Ukraine; E-mail: postmaster@ugniro.crimea.ua ED: Editor Yakovlev, VN (ed) SO: Source The main results of YugNIRO complex research in the Azov-Black Sea Region and the World Ocean in 1994. Osnovnye resul'taty kompleksnykh issledovanij YugNIRO v Azovo-Chernomorskom bassejne i Mirovom okeane v 1994 godu, YugNIRO, Kerch,, 1995, vol. 41, pp. 76-78, Tr. Yugniro/Proc. South. Sci. Res. Inst. Mar. Fish. Ocean. PB: Publisher YugNIRO, Kerch, AB: Abstract Sampling was carried out in the Black Sea in May-June and August-October in 1992, 1993, and 1994. A total of 500 samples were taken at 191 stations. Quantity of jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) and ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi) was taken into account. In spring 1994 food mesozooplankton biomass was as follows: marine areas near Kerch Strait, 38 mg/m super(3); at Ai-Foka Cape section, 28 m/mg super(3); near the Southern Crimea, 28 mg/m super(3); at Kerch Strait section it varied from 16 to 119 mg/m super(3); in the central part of north-western shallow waters (Zmeinyj Island), 124 mg/m super(3). At the rest of the stations it varied from 6 to 31 mg/m super(3). In all the sampled area average food mesozooplankton biomass was 30 mg /m super(3), it is about 3 times lesser than in 1992-1993. Cold-resistant copepods (Calanus helgolandicus, Pseudocalanus elongatus) and eurythermic Acartia clausi prevailed everywhere. The other specimens of food and non-food mesozooplankton (generally Noctiluca militaris and native ctenophore species Pleurobrachia pileus) occurs in small numbers. In summer and in autumn average food mesozooplankton biomass was as follows: marine areas near Kerch Strait, 22 mg /m super(3); at Ai-Foka section and at the Southern Crimea shore, 11 mg /m super(3); in the north-western sea part, 4 mg/m super(3). It is the same level of 1992-1993. Warm-water species Pemilia avirostris, Centropages kroyeri prevailed, its usual for this season. Among copepods C. helgolandicus and A. clausi were predominant. Native species of ctenophore P. pileus was absent in catches. Biomass of ctenophore M. leidyi increased, and that of its main food competitor jellyfish A. aurita decreased. Observed in 1994 spring biomass of food zooplankton is unprecedented low since time of M. leidyi invasion. It considered that the intruder can easily utilise spring food zooplankton and expands time limits of its negative influence to zooplankton and fish productivity. Record 57 of 64 TI: Title Azov Sea zooplankton seasonal changes in 1994 OT: Original Title Sezonnye izmeneniya zooplanktona Azovskogo morya v 1994 godu AU: Author Budnichenko, EhV AF: Author Affiliation Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries & Oceanography (YugNIRO), 2, Sverdlov St., 334500, Kerch, Crimea, Ukraine; E-mail: postmaster@ugniro.crimea.ua ED: Editor Yakovlev, VN (ed) SO: Source The main results of YugNIRO complex research in the Azov-Black Sea Region and the World Ocean in 1994. Osnovnye resul'taty kompleksnykh issledovanij YugNIRO v Azovo-Chernomorskom bassejne i Mirovom okeane v 1994 godu, YugNIRO, Kerch,, 1995, vol. 41, pp. 79-83, Tr. Yugniro/Proc. South. Sci. Res. Inst. Mar. Fish. Ocean. PB: Publisher YugNIRO, Kerch, AB: Abstract Zooplankton was collected in the Azov Sea by plankton net with the mouth diameter 25 cm, net sack length 75 cm and mesh size 25 mcm. Water column from the bottom to the surface was sampled. A total of 184 zooplankton samples were collected and processed. Characteristics of zooplankton qualitative composition and its quantitative development are described by months. Long-term observations in the Azov Sea showed considerable fluctuations of zooplankton biomass. From 1985 to 1987 food zooplankton biomass was 197, 139 and 76 mg/m super(3) respectively. In 1988 biomass was considerably lesser: in July in 7 times, in August up to 3 times, and in September in 5 times. The lowest indices (17 and 9 mg /m super(3)) were recorded in July and August, 1989, the peak of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi development. From 1990 declining of ctenophore biomass was observed both in the Black and Azov Seas. The same period is characterised by gradual increase of food zooplankton biomass in July. From 1990 to 1992 biomass increased in four times and reached 663 mg/m super(3) in 1993. In 1994 in regions where ctenophore was absent (western sea), high level of zooplankton development was noted. Its biomass was 220-400 mg /m super(3). In the south-eastern sea ctenophore was abundant, zooplankton was absent. In August and September 1990-1994 zooplankton biomass remained extremely low, 1-22 mg/m super(3). Average biomass observed in spring was 224 mg/m super(3), in early summer, 776 mg/m super(3), in the second half of summer, 84 mg/m super(3), in late summer, 22 mg/m super(3), in autumn 5 mg/m super(3). Spring zooplankton consisted of rotifers of low food value in summer main zooplankton components were copepods. In autumn zooplankton included larvae of Cirripedia, Lamellibranchiata, Ostracoda. Comparison of long-term changes of zooplankton biomass showed its increase early in summer. It is confirmed by high indices of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and Azov tyulka Clupeonella cultriventris feeding. Late summer and in autumn ctenophore prevailed in plankton, resulted zooplankton biomass decreasing. Record 58 of 64 TI: Title Effect of gelatinous organisms on the formation of neutral proteases pool in sea water. OT: Original Title Vliyanie zheletelykh organizmov na formirovanie pula nejtral'nykh proteaz v morskoj vode AU: Author Korneeva, GA; Shiganova, TA AF: Author Affiliation IORAN, Moscow, Russia SO: Source Okeanologiya. Moscow [OKEANOLOGIYA], vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 82-87, 1995 IS: ISSN 0030-1574 AB: Abstract The paper describes experiments performed to study the kinetics of variability of the proteolytic activity in sea water in the presence of Mnemiopsis leidyi, Pleurobrachia pileus and Aurelia aurita. The potentialities of M. leidyi in the formation of the protease pool were found to be much higher than those of the other 2 gelatinous animals. The role of enzymatic processes in the trophic relationships of the biota and in the formation of organic matter composition in marine ecosystems is discussed. Record 59 of 64 TI: Title Diurnal variations of the respiration intensity in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi from the Black Sea. OT: Original Title Sutochnye izmeneniya intensivnosti dykhaniya grebnevika Mnemiopsis leidyi v Chernom more AU: Author Minkina, NI; Pavlova, EV AF: Author Affiliation INBYUM AN Ukr., Sevastopol', Russia SO: Source Okeanologiya. Moscow [OKEANOLOGIYA], vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 241-245, 1995 IS: ISSN 0030-1574 AB: Abstract Respiration in the ctenophore is considered as a function of 3 variables: experimental stocking density, individual weight and time of the day. A new procedure for measuring respiration in planktonic organisms and a new method for analyzing variability of the values obtained experimentally are described. Data on the diurnal trends of the respiration intensity in 3 size groups of the ctenophore are presented. Diurnal variations of energy metabolism under laboratory conditions are in good agreement with literature data on the diurnal feeding rhythm of the ctenophore in the sea. Record 60 of 64 TI: Title Seasonal dynamics of the chemical composition of organic matter in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz from the Black Sea. OT: Original Title Sezonnaya dinamika khimicheskogo sostava organicheskogo veshchestva grebnevikov Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz v Chernom more AU: Author Anninskij, BE AF: Author Affiliation Inst. Biol. Yuzhn. Morej, Sevastopol, Ukraine SO: Source Okeanologiya. Moscow [OKEANOLOGIYA], vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 426-430, 1995 IS: ISSN 0030-1574 NT: Notes Incl. bibliogr.: 25 ref. AB: Abstract Analysis of the chemical composition of the ctenophore revealed only slight seasonal variations in the content of protein (958-1059 mu g/g), carbohydrates (64-71 mu g/g), lipids (73-100) and free amino acids (34-43) likely to be caused by different food availability. Record 61 of 64 TI: Title The state of the main components of the Black Sea planktonic community in 1993. OT: Original Title Sostoyanie osnovnykh ehlementov planktonnogo soobshchestva Chernogo morya v 1993 g AU: Author Vinogradov, ME; Shiganova, TA; Khoroshiliv, VS AF: Author Affiliation Inst. Okeanol., Moscow, Russia SO: Source Okeanologiya. Moscow [OKEANOLOGIYA], vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 418-422, 1995 IS: ISSN 0030-1574 AB: Abstract Observations on the state of the main plankton components were continued in August and November 1993 and show that the abundance of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi increased slightly as compared to 1992 though it was much lower than in 1989-1990 when their abundance was at a maximum. The biomass in August was unusually much lower than in November suggesting annual variations in the seasonal course of the population development. No further decline in the abundance of Calanus euxinus was recorded. Record 62 of 64 TI: Title Consumption of zooplankton by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and pelagic fish in the Black Sea. OT: Original Title Vyedanie zooplanktona grebnevikom mnemiopsisom i pelagicheskimi rybami v Chernom more AU: Author Vinogradov, ME; Shushkina, EhA; Bulgakova, YuV; Serobaba, II AF: Author Affiliation Inst. Okeanol., Moscow, Russia SO: Source Okeanologiya. Moscow [OKEANOLOGIYA], vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 569-573, 1995 IS: ISSN 0030-1574 AB: Abstract The paper presents data on the estimated proportion of zooplankton consumed by the ctenophore in relation to the total zooplankton production and its part consumed by plankton-feeding fish species - anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus), sprat (Clupea sprattus) and scad (Trachurus mediterraneus). During its population outbreak in 1989-1990. The daily consumption by the ctenophore in summer amounted to 7% of the available biomass and over 50% of the daily production of zooplankton. Consumption by the fish was nearly half of the consumption by the ctenophore in 1989 and comparable to that during the ensuing years. The daily consumption in summer by the fish and the ctenophore together was 6 to 13% of the biomass and 20-120% of the production of zooplankton. Severe competition for food resulted in a drastic decrease of the plankton-feeding fish cathes at and after the time of the ctenophore population peak. Record 63 of 64 TI: Title Anatomy of the gonads and reproduction in Mnemiopsis ctenophores in the Black Sea AU: Author Zaika, VYe; Revkov, NK AF: Author Affiliation Inst. Southern Seas Biol., Ukrainian Acad. Sci., Sevastopol, Ukraine SO: Source Hydrobiological Journal [HYDROBIOL. J.], vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 9-14, 1995 IS: ISSN 0018-8166 NT: Notes Originally published in Zool. Zh. 73(3), 1994: 5-10. AB: Abstract In the ctenophore invader, the ovaries are found not only in the walls of the meridional canals but also in the walls of the auricular canals. In a large ctenophore, up to 2 to 3 thousand eggs may form simultaneously. With a natural photoperiod and temperature of 19-25 degree C, signs of formation of testes appear 18:00 and egg rudiments after 20:00; eggs are shed from 23:00 to 01:00. With a rise in temperature from 19-21 degree C to 24-28 degree C, duration of embryogenesis drops from 19.5-21 h to 11 h. Mass reproduction of Mnemiopsis in the Black Sea begins when surface water temperature reaches 23 degree C. Record 64 of 64 TI: Title How the Soviet seas were lost AU: Author Pearce, F SO: Source New Scientist [NEW SCI.], vol. 148, no. 2003, pp. 38-42, 1995 IS: ISSN 0262-4079 AB: Abstract For decades the Black, Aral and Caspian Seas were abused by pollution and neglect. The author surveys the devastation left behind. PREVIOUS NEXT