Conceptual model of the coastal zone and marine environments showing the main subcompartments and contaminant transfers, and exchanges with the atmosphere
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Basic circulation and salinity distribution in salt wedge, partially-mixed, well-mixed and fjord-type estuaries as defined by Wollast and Duinker (1982) Numbers and shading show salinity values
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Sketch of main circulation pattern in a fjord
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Illustration of water, sediment and nutrient cycling in estuaries Freshwater flows outward, transporting sediments, plankton and also contaminants Material that sinks into the inflowing seawater may [..]
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Schematic representation of shelf processes involving transport of contaminants and sea ice
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Average annual maximum and minimum sea ice extent The numbered lines show the expected time in years for the ice at that location to exit the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait, based on drifting [..]
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Main sources of icebergs and common iceberg drift trajectories The main ice circulation pattern follows the Transpolar Drift in the eastern Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre in the western Arctic (white [..]
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Approximate net sea ice exchange (see legend for key to arrow sizes), extent of shorefast ice and winter sea ice, and coastal polynyas and main polynya concentrations
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Above: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice formed in the hatched region moving into different parts of the Arctic Basin Below: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice moving from [..]
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The predominant currents in the Arctic Ocean and their major routes around the basin edges of the Arctic
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A schematic representation of the three-layer structure of the Arctic Ocean, with the Arctic Surface Layer above the Atlantic Water and Arctic Deep Water The residence time for the different water [..]
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Surface currents in the Arctic region Square boxes indicate that the denser inflowing (Atlantic and Pacific) waters are submerging under the Polar Surface Water The continuation of these flows can be [..]
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A schematic diagram showing the inflow from the Mackenzie River trapped in the nearshore zone beneath the landfast ice Beyond the stamukhi zone, intermittent opening and refreezing in the flaw lead [..]
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Distribution of potential temperature, salinity, and density across the Arctic Ocean and the Greenland and Norwegian Seas
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Schematic diagrams of the Greenland Sea showing the surface circulation (above) and water mass structure at a section across the central gyre (below)
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