Approximate net sea ice exchange (see legend for key to arrow sizes), extent of shorefast ice and winter sea ice, and coastal polynyas and main polynya concentrations
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An example of a positive feedback loop Warming leads to a decrease in sea ice cover which in turn leads to a decrease in albedo over the ocean, the result of which is further warming and further [..]
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Schematic representation of shelf processes involving transport of contaminants and sea ice
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Average annual maximum and minimum sea ice extent The numbered lines show the expected time in years for the ice at that location to exit the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait, based on drifting [..]
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Recent observations of summer sea-ice extent
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Main sources of icebergs and common iceberg drift trajectories The main ice circulation pattern follows the Transpolar Drift in the eastern Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre in the western Arctic (white [..]
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The hydrologic balance in the Arctic is highly dynamic on the seasonal time scale with large and rapid ice melts in the spring On land, this ice and snow melting results in large rapid floods and [..]
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Lower tropospheric temperatures since 1979, from satellite monitoring High variability is characteristic of the Arctic region due to its isolation from the moderating influences of warm, lower [..]
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Lower stratospheric temperature record since 1979
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Lower stratospheric (ca 120-40 hPa) Arctic temperature trends (°C per decade, January 1979 to February 1996), as monitored by MSUs on polar orbiting satellites
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Lower tropospheric Arctic temperature trends (°C per decade, January 1979 to February 1996), as monitored by MSUs on polar orbiting satellites
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Sequence of oil-ice interaction including drops under the ice, new ice growth below the oil, oil appearing on the surface in the spring, wind herding of oil on melt pools, and the appearance of [..]
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Snow cover over northern hemisphere lands between 1972 and 1996 for different seasons Values are determined from analyses of NOAA snow charts created using visible satellite imagery
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Above: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice formed in the hatched region moving into different parts of the Arctic Basin Below: contours of the asymptotic probability of ice moving from [..]
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A schematic diagram showing the inflow from the Mackenzie River trapped in the nearshore zone beneath the landfast ice Beyond the stamukhi zone, intermittent opening and refreezing in the flaw lead [..]
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