ࡱ> '` bjbj$$ cFF͖,  666$Z{{{P{|,Zf*"πππ)))))))$,h|.x *6ˀπ * *286))&C6 @⼎R{6*0f*0.E..6π \=Pπππ * *Kdπππf*ZZZszZZZzZZZ REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FORESTRY AND WATER ADMINISTRATION & GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY (GEF) Project: LAKE SHKODRA INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT (MIELSH) BUSINESS PLAN For: Fishery Management Organization SHKODR Prepared by Eqerem Kapidani Consultant March 16, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 Introduction info 4 Fishing in lake Shkodra-brief history 4 Fish Species 4 History of fish catches in Lake Shkodra 4 History of the number of fishermen in Lake Shkodra 5 BP issues 5 Establishment of Shkodra FMO 6 The FMO business management plan and reporting 7 Some principles regarding Shkodra FMO 7 MISSION STATEMENT AND FMO OBJECTIVES 8 ACTUAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 8 The FMO Administrative Council 8 FMO members (staff) 8 BUSINESS ACTIONS 9 4.1.1 FMO member contribution 9 4.1.2 AC duties 10 4.1.3 The FMO Executive Staff 11 4.1.4 Service fees 11 4.1.5 Contribution to the FMO from the rehabilitation costs of the MIELSH project. 11 4.2 The network of fishing areas, management obligations 11 4.3 Duties for the fishery management 12 4.4 Development topics 12 ANALYSIS AND THE CURRENT BUSINESS STATUS 13 5.1 SWOT analysis on the FMO concept 13 5.2 National and sector issues 14 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 15 THE REQUESTS AND NEEDS OF THE FMO. 19 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS GA General Assembly DFP Directorate of Fishery Policies FAO UN Food and Agriculture Organization GEF Global Environment Facility IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature AC Administrative Council MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance MIELSH Lake Shkodra Integrated Ecosystem Management MoEFWA Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Water Administration OMP Fishery Management Organization PB Business Plan FDP Fishery Development Project INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduction info Fishing in lake Shkodra-brief history Fishing activities before 1990 were organized by the state. Fishing activities involved the whole cycle, the fishing, the processing, the conservation and marketing. The state was the manager and the controller of these activities which were determined through the Five Year Plans of Fishing. At the beginning of each year the Ministry determined: ( a) Total amount of fish, (b) Means and equipments for fishing, (c) Total amount of saplings for the sector of aquaculture, (d) The price for every fish species, (e) Marketing places and the quantity for each of them, ( f) Number of employees and fishermen in this sector. The fishery Enterprise in Lake Shkoder/Skadar had 120 fishermen. Young fishermen attended a course of qualification for around 9 months. The enterprise had two motorboats with 80 HP motors and 50 wooden boats which differed in size. Each boat had 3-4 fishermen. Fishing was mainly done through the use of fixed nets. Payment of the fishermen was based on the quality and quantity of fish caught by every brigade and the prices determined by the Ministry. Fish Prices of fish species were determined by the Ministry. Fish marketing was conducted by the state by first collecting it in the central store and then distributing it to the marketing shops on the basis of a plan approved by the Ministry. Fish Species ClassificationNr of speciesEconomically importantExtinction riskThreatenedInvasiveAutochthonous fish315-6-Migratory fish15422-Exotic fish147--1Total6016281Table 1. Fish species present in Lake Shkodra (from Rakaj. N., 1994 ichthyic fauna). History of fish catches in Lake Shkodra The historical trend of annual mean fish production from Lake Shkodra, Albania (expressed in metric ton - from the Fishery Research Institute Statistics unpublished) YearsTotalAutochthonous fishMigratory fishExotic fish1961-1965615410215-1965-1970643441202-1971-1975800667133-1976-198086375598101981-19906203101301801991-20045903157020520055203307511520081951033953 History of the number of fishermen in Lake Shkodra The number of fishermen in lake Shkodra, Albania(from FRI statistics and FMO communication) YearsIntervalMedianBefore 1990110-1401302000-2004300-5403502008400 BP issues From the concerns raised by professional fishermen and FMO members some measures were identified for the improvement of the situation The possibilities for the increase in fishery production and to diminish the illegal fishery and the environmental pollution impact; The focus of this BP was the strengthening of economic and administrative capacities of the FMO, because this is the first step that will assure a more rational and efficient way for the management of fishing resources; In settings the objectives there were taken into account also the possibilities that the project can give an initial help for the FMO support, in strengthening its role and efficiency not only for the Administrative Council but as well extended to its members; In preparing the BP draft, the FMO operational plans were consulted, but it has to be stated that the establishment and implementation of a new fishery management plan is needed due to the new situation of the fishery resources and of the increased pressure that the community near the lake is exerting into the fishery resources; Another issue taken into consideration while preparing the BP is the exploration of possibilities for the restoration of fishery stock which subsequently will lead to the increase of catches and fishermen income. The business plan is based on a 5-year period and beginning the consolidation of the activities of the FMO starting from 2010. To properly address all the issues this BP should be accompanied by a Management plan. The main topics this BP contains are: Output from the communication with different stakeholders, for their problems and their point of view on possible solutions FMO actual status, organization, functioning, problems and its present agenda FMO organization structure Actual status of the FMO business; Analysis on the FMO facilities, actual problems and obligations FMO income predictions The support that the MIELSH can give to the FMO for the most essential needs of the FMO in order to begin implementing this business plan. Establishment of Shkodra FMO Shkodr FMO was established on March 23rd 2003, according to Law nr. 8870 On some Additions and Amendments on Law nr. 7908 of 5.5.1995 On Fishery and Aquaculture (for more information see Box 1). The Minister approved the legal status of this FMO on May 21st 2003. By the establishment act the assembly list was also approved with its center in Shiroka and three landing sites (Shirok, Zogaj, Koplik) and covering all the fishing activity in Zogaj, Shirok, Rrethina, Vrak, Valc, Koplik, Strbeq, Jubic, Kamic dhe Shegan. In the Albanian side of the lake the only fishing structure apart from this organization is the one using the fish weir in the lake. This organization is registered at the local legal office. FMO are non-profit private independent legal organizations and all the income is used fro the functioning of the organizations and the fulfillment of its objectives. The FMO plays an active role in the lake management, also due to the fact that the fishing licenses are issued only to the FMO members. The FMO cooperates with the DFP and the MoEFWA, and its main structures are Administrative Council and the General Assembly. Law 8870 is the law frame that regulates the FMO activity. Based on this law, the main FMO bodies are the Administrative Council and the general assembly. The main functions of this FMO are: (i) the management of the fishing port or landing site, and (ii) the co-management of the fishing resources it uses. The FMO includes mainly the boat or vessel owners, but it allows the involvement of other persons that are fishermen (not-owners) or that deal with auxiliary activities of fishery. Lake Shkodra FMO objectives The Shkodr FMO has as its main objective, the fulfillment of the following duties: Promoting the use of methods that ensure an continuous development of fishery in compliance with fishery legislation, using the proper technology for the capture and growth of fishery, Promoting the quality and biological diversity of the ichthyic fauna and avoiding over-exploitation, Ensure the member participation in the co-management of fishery resources, Protect the member interest during their fishing activity, Ensure to the members the necessary services and conditions for a normal exercise of the fishing activity. The FMO business management plan and reporting Based on the legislation in force and on the model FMO status (standard model, Article 12(b), 15, 20, 4(b), 26 and 27(b)), the Shkodr FMO prepares an annual report where the main activities are reported related to the business and their performance. The BP should have the prior approval of the FMO. Some principles regarding Shkodra FMO In the statute of Shkodra FMO two main principles are stated. It is responsible for (i) responsible for the maintenance of landing sites and for the fish collection ensuring the necessary investments for the fishermen community and to have a legal status in their activity, and (ii) the FMO participation of fishery resources in cooperation with the DFP. The support of the plans of the fishery development and their implementation is done according to the sectors. The fishermen community must pay their duties and perform certain actions depending on the area they work, implement the status and FMO regulations, and the maintenance of the FMO equipments. Each FMO member plays an active role for the decision taken and the Assembly approves the annual budget and analyses the carried expenses and services and the costs that each member has. The assembly elects the chairman, deputy Chairman and the members of the Administrative Council, which is responsible for the daily FMO activity. The Administrative Council subsequently appoints a Manager and other staff to carry the activities proposed by the general Assembly. They also propose the interrelations with the local and national bodies for the lake (ecosystem) issues, in order to help in the co-management and implementation of management plans in national and transboundary level. The FMO is based in the principle of non-profit organization and as such all the profit will be allocated in the FMO, and controlled by the members, for the running costs, and the service fees. Each member has the right to participate in the meeting and to vote in the General Assembly that approves the annual budget and the activities that will be carried out in the fishery areas and the decisions carried out for the services and their costs. MISSION STATEMENT AND FMO OBJECTIVES The rearrangement of the fishing areas the increase of the catches landed in the landing sites and their marketing and the protection of the FMO members interest were the priorities in the consultant assignment. Some field trips were done in order to assess the needs the FMO administrative staff and members have and issues that require an long term solution in the business plan and that con be combined with the FMO main objectives, which can be summarized as the following: The general improvement of the lake fishing and spawning areas management, Increasing the fishery guard services, operational facilities for the strictly protection of the spawning areas for (i) carp in Fush-Bun, Dobra-Pyll, Kamic, Grizh, Shegan with delimited areas of 1-1.5 km, (ii) for bleak Tre-Manat, Zall-Bardh, Rrjoll, and (iii) for twaite shad in the areas Strbeq and Valc, Protection of the FMO members interest in all the fishery aspects (catch processing marketing decrease of illegal fishery etc.) Protection of the fish diversity in order to increase the fish value and the promotion of activities related to this, Efficient cooperation with the local and central institutions for the protection of the lake and to preserve it from irrational exploitation specified in the Article 4 of the model status. ACTUAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE The FMO Administrative Council has the following composition: Chairman (Gzim LEZAJ) Deputy-Chairman (Gac GOCAJ) Members (Ruzhdi SELIMI; Fatmir PATUSHA, Nazmi ZENELI, Ali HARUSHA, Gjeto LEPURI, Sami MEZINI, Ismet PEPA, Beto GJETA) The Chairman is elected on a two year basis based on Article 17 of the FMO model FMO members (staff) The FMO has nearly 400 members. It needs to be emphasized that there are 20 fishermen operating in the fish weir of Shkodra lake, that are part of the FMO and that are as well nearly 200 unlicensed fishermen exercising their fishing activity into the lake. For the control and management of the lake Shkodra beside the activity of the Administrative Council, there are other authorities that help in the prevention of illegal fishery and controlling and licensing of the legal fishermen such as: the Police, the Financial Police, the Environmental bodies with their inspectors etc. The Rangers which were established and trained thanks to a UNOPS program has given good results especially during the first years. The number of small boats that bear a FMO license up to date is 192. The AC currently has an executive staff of 6 persons of which one manager, one cleaner, one facility guard and three lake guards. By analyzing the large area of the lake and the extension of the fishery areas, by several opinions the increase in number of guards and their equipment is needed. BUSINESS ACTIONS Some studies in research, technical, engineering, environmental and economical aspects of lake Shkodra for the development of the development of fishing areas have been carried out previously. 4.1 Core duties, obligation and responsibilities The FMO is responsible and manages the network of the fishing areas as long as for the co-management of these areas with public bodies for the implementation of the management plan. The FMO should plan activities for the implementation and strengthening of the co-management plans, in collaboration with the DFP and Monitoring, Control and Surveillance programs. Up to date the catch are provided by the Fishing Inspectorate and sent to the DFP for the assessment of stock status, production trend, catch structure etc. 4.1.1 FMO member contribution In the Article 9 of the model status of the FMO, the member contributions play a key role in the management of the FMO. Today, due to the low production level, the income of the fishermen, members of FMO, are nearly 100.000 200.000 ALL/year, thus their annual contribution is 6.800 ALL for each boat. Each member of the FMO, according to the GA Decision must fulfill the following obligations: Pay the contributions or fees (or accomplish certain activities that help the community); Apply to the regulation and status of the lake Shkodra FMO; Allow the boat and fishing gear examination from the FMO staff; Maintain all the equipment and other infrastructure pertaining to the FMO; Inform the FMO about its activity and not disseminate FMO confidential information. Each member of the lake Shkodra FMO according to the article 25 of the model status is obliged to pay the monthly or annual quotas. The calculation of this contribution is partially compliant with the right to vote according to Article 23 of the status. For the lake Shkodra FMO, the AC suggested the principle one member one quota, but one a fishing boat includes one or two fishermen the level of contribution is not very clear. Therefore during the CA meeting in 2006 it was decided that the contribution for each boat should be 2 USD per month. This contribution suffered several changes and in the future are foreseen more changes related to the fishermen income and the infrastructure the FMO has. The payment is done only for the FMO registered members, which pay contributions for the services needed. The consultant estimates as the basis for the increase of the quota for the members: Increase of the fish production; Improvement of the quality; Improvement of the catch structure based on the protection of the spawning ground for the commercially important fish species; Minimizing the effect of illegal fishery; Marketing the fish through the FMO and diversifying the fishing activity. Based on this factor the GA can focus on the needed expenses in order to increase the members income at least twice, resulting in the increase of the member contribution up to 10.000 ALL and improving the business plan by promoting services that affect the fishing activity and a sustainable and responsible development. 4.1.2 AC duties The AC members are responsible for the management of the FMO and Article 15 details their duties and responsibilities. The FMO manager and its executive staff have the following tasks: Acts accordingly to the status and regulation of lake Shkodra FMO; Election of the staff (members); Inclusion of new members by informing the Council of their recruitment; Convenes the GA for the regular annual meeting or for any extraordinary meeting; Monitors and manages administratively the FMO and its staff; Supervises the FMO financial accounts; Prepares the annual budget and the work plan (implementation for all fishing areas, management plans and their maintenance); Implementation of the fishery co-management plans; It is the signing authority of contracts on supplies, maintenance and cooperation with third parties on behalf of the FMO members; Gives the information for the DFP (or other public institutions) for the fish capture according to areas and species, the boat register, fish marketing and other services. 4.1.3 The FMO Executive Staff According to the Article 22 of the model status, by executive status is meant the hired staff of the FMO responsible for the implementation of the FMO operational plans and business plans. The same Article states that the AC members are not paid when hired to the executive staff. The executive staff is headed by the manger appointed by the AC. The AC decides on the responsibilities and salaries of the manager and executive staff. 4.1.4 Service fees During the fishing activity the damages that may occur to the boats, fishing gears etc. are covered by the boat owner. It is proposed that a part of them should be covered by the FMO (from the membership contribution). The AC of lake Shkodra FMO should decide for: Payments of fishing grounds according to their extension and nature; The lending fees for the fishing gears and working facilities; Equipment and supply with fishing gears and boats. 4.1.5 Contribution to the FMO from the rehabilitation costs of the MIELSH project. Apart from the important contribution of the FMO to the development of fishery, the consultant and the FMO staff underline the essential role that the project MIELSH plays. The support of the project should be focused on the strengthening of the fishing community for the sustainable development of the sector. The main requests for support include: (i) equipments for the FMO guards in order to protect the spawning areas and to decrease the impact of illegal fishery, (ii) fishing gears for the FMO fishermen in all areas, and (iii) marketing of fish capture from the FMO concentrating gradually all the activities of fish market. 4.2 The network of fishing areas, management obligations The lake shore will not be used as exploitation area because the area extended 6 meters from the waterline is public area and as such these areas have to be maintained by the landing sites, also due to the fact that during the rise of the lake water level, these areas serve as spawning grounds. 4.3 Duties for the fishery management These duties are stated as well in the Law nr.7908, of 5.4.1995 On Fishery and Aquaculture amended. These duties have to be known by the members of the FMO and by the GA. The consultant worked to incorporate the objectives of the management and exploitation of fishery resources in coordination with the DFP in order to implement a strategy for the lake management on these issues: Analysis of the situation which nowadays is critical as described in the inception report; Identification of short, medium and long term objectives for the management of fishery in all ecosystem; Determination of the management measures and the necessity of designing a development strategy in order to achieve the objectives; Identification of the financial means for the implementation of a sustainable development. The management should go in line with the national development strategy for the inland waters, and especially for lake Shkodra which is the biggest lake in the Balkan and internationally important. There should be included also the co-management concept. In the BP the priority has been given to the fish production, protection of habitats, ensuring the connectivity of the lake with sea and connecting rivers, spawning areas and seasons. The next objective is the increase of the fish value through the FMO-organized market, diversification of fishing activity and gradual decrease of the illegal fishing activity. The abovementioned measures aim at increasing the income of FMO members and subsequently their contribution. This will help the rational investments toward the strengthening of the FMO. 4.4 Development topics The main objective of the BP is the sustainable development of the fishery sector, achieving the strengthening of all landing sites and their active cooperation in order to have a gradual increase of the captures. The control over the FMO expenses will be stronger and the members active role and cooperation with the local institutions will serve all the purposes the ecosystems has such as: Protection of biodiversity; Eco-Tourism; The harmonization with the social needs of the local community; and A cooperation with the neighbor country to have common measures to be taken for the protection and adding value to the ecosystem. ANALYSIS AND THE CURRENT BUSINESS STATUS The Lake Shkodra FMO organization and functioning during the last years had sensible improvements. 5.1 SWOT analysis on the FMO concept In the BP implementation after a thorough consultation with all stake holders the following factors should be taken into account: Strength: The protection of fishing areas and spawning grounds for some species such as carp, bleak and twaite shad recently has improved thanks to the FMO contribution. The FMO during the recent period has confiscated many fishing gears used in illegal fishery. The transboundary commission is established and an improvement of cooperation is expected. The cooperation with local and central institutions is in constant improvement and the cooperation as well. The FMO members have raised their awareness for the role of the FMO and the quotas are regularly paid. The AC is currently working and its staff is fulfilling its terms of reference. The lake Shkodra FMO situation now is stable and it is taking now its responsibilities. This is reflected also on the FMO actual business situation which is much better then before guaranteeing better management. A simple and effective business plan in order to avoid internal flaws and deficiencies will allow further improvement. The AC staff is quite experienced in the fishery sector and they are quite aware of all the problems and possible solutions for the fishery sector development. The FMO is moving toward a consolidation and a stable situation. The experience existing before the 90 affects positively the FMO and organization and maintenance. There is a good cooperation between professional fishermen and landing sites for the management of the areas. The cooperation with the MoEFWA for illegal fishery, determination of license number, the fishermen register etc. is at good point. The use of efficient techniques for legal fishery are well known. The area surrounding the Shkodra lake has a tradition in fishery, so all the marketing problems are not very difficult. The infrastructure built by the Fishery Development Project (financed by the World Bank) is being used for the FMO toward the community needs. Weakness: Some members are not yet aware of the role of their contribution toward the strengthening of infrastructure of FMO. The level of income is relatively low, especially taking into account the difficulties that this profession presents. Despite the improvements, it is still very problematic the abusive fishery of carp, bleak and twaite shad, in the lake and the free movement of migratory fish in river Buna. The coordination between the FMO staff and the DFP fishery inspectorate on management purpose is not yet at optimum levels. There is not a clear distinction between abusive and sport fishery, which brings premises for irrational fishery. Opportunities: The support of FMO from MoEFWA is increasing toward the FMO authority establishment, for the licenses issues and measures and the protection of lake from illegal fishery. The 5-year FDP project investments and new MIELSH project will help in establishing and implementing the business and management plans, the strengthening of FMO and transboundary cooperation for future strategies. The FMO guards and their job, and their safeguarding of the fishing areas, will positively affect the production trend. The promotion of the fish market from the lake Shkodra FMO will improve the value and the FMO role in the local market. Threats: The lack of proper support for the strictly protected areas protection and cooperation with the Environment Inspectors, Rangers and the police forces. The lack of joint inspection activities from both countries for the free movement and protection of migratory fish in river Buna. 5.2 National and sector issues From the analysis of the FMO problems from the consultant the main issues were: Increase of the MCS efficiency as basis for the sustainable fishery development and as consequences the increase of the FMO members, Increase of the cooperation efficiency between two countries in implementation of Joint Commission established thanks to the MIELSh on this purpose, Improvement of the statistical service for a scientific monitoring of the fishery resources in the lake, as long as these statistics play a key role in the management policies, The cooperation with the public sector in Shkodra FMO for the coordination of thw works carried out. Financial analysis The Project for FMO expenses Regarding the financial activities of the FMO and on its model, the consultant proposed that BP should be extended for a 5-year plan and was designed in close collaboration with the FMO staff and the following considerations: Most of the FMO members are aware that strengthening the FMO will solve some of the problems regarding their activity, The contribution from the FMO members is regularly collected and there is awareness from the manager and the executive staff to use these funds in the proper way, The AC is properly functioning and creates premises for the increase of efficiency and proper coordination of the landing sites. The impact of the illegal fishery has now a decreasing trend due to this collaboration in all areas of the lake, The project is contributing positively in the strengthening of the FMO role and the coordination of the tasks between the lake community and the river Buna, In conformity with the opinion of the fishermen, the consultant reached the conclusion that in the next 5 or 6 years the production will reach twice the production of 2008, resulting in the same increase in the FMO members, Development of infrastructure for the fish marketing (auto-refrigerator, ice production etc.) will increase the value of the product. It will be necessary that in the future the FMO Shkodr has the right to sell the fishery products to the wholesale and retailers, due to the fact that FMO is the only body entitled to exploit and manage the fishery resources in lake Shkodra and the lakes of hydropower centers in Vau i Dejs and Koman.. This will directly affect in the decrease of illegal fishery, abusive fishery and the increase of income for the FMO members. The BP is based on the actual activities carried out by the FMO, the efficient use of the income and the future planning of activities. There are some equipments needed from the Shkodra FMO which will be necessary for the improvement and further development of the FMO explained below: In the general data regarding the business plan, in the item income from fish marketing and services, 80 % of the value is dedicated to the auto-refrigerator destined for the collection and marketing of the fish. It should be emphasized that the distance from the FMO center to the fishermen in the northeastern part of the lake, can be more then 60 km. During the season of spring, summer and autumn, it is impossible to have a proper marketing and collection of the fish without the availability of the auto-refrigerator. Furthermore it is needed also to maintain the hygienic conditions that the fish should be transported with auto-refrigerator. This auto-refrigerator will enable the transport of the fish product in +4 to +6 degree Celsius. As a result the FMO will be the main center for supplying the north-eastern part of Albania with freshwater fish products. In the expenses of the plan business for the auto-refrigerator there are foreseen some expenses such as driver salary, fuel cost, maintenance and taking into account that is driver responsible for the good conditions of the vehicle. The boat with the 2 outboards will be used by the FMO for the protection of the spawning, migration and shelter grounds of the fish both in lake Shkodra and river Buna, in cooperation with other competent national and international authorities. The small outboards (4-5 Hp) will be delivered to the fishermen groups operating in the lake (mainly the northeastern part), as well as the fishing nets depending also from the economic conditions of the fishermen. The added value from the increase of the production and the concentration of the market will result in better incomes for the fishermen. This BP evaluates also the maintenance issues, current expenses, meetings etc. This PB reflects especially the work carried out during the two previous years, the inventory of equipment they have, fishing gears, maintenance problems and their solutions. The advantages from the value of the catches, income from lending the facilities, warehouses etc. has been calculated. General Data from the business plan (in thousand ALL) IncomeNumber2009Number2010Number2015From member contribution (actually 6.800 Lek/boat)190130019023001901900Service feesIncome from fish--10 mt50050 t5.000Services-----500Lending-215-220-300Total151520207070 ExpensesNumber2009Number2010Number2015Fixed ExpensesFMO Manager124012401360Facilities guard112011201150Cleaner110011001100Lake guard3720372061500Driver--12402500Warehouse keeper--11201240Seller--11201240Total of fixed expenses-118016603090Other ExpensesWater/Electricity150150300Fuel150150500Telephone--100Transport--500Miscellaneous*--400Maintenance--600Total of Other Expenses3003002400Variable ExpensesTravel3550200Conferences-1080Miscellaneous--20Hired Shop--200Member Fund**--1710Total of Variable Expenses35602210Total151520107070* Including expenses for semi-artificial reproduction ** Used for insurance, calamities, rewards and investments in the FMO Income from the collection and selling of the fish (in metric tons Year201020112012201320142015Collected Quantity102030404550Profit50 Lek/kg50 Lek/kg60 Lek/kg70 Lek/kg90 Lek/kg100 Lek/kg Species that will be collected Carp 60 %; Mullet 10 %; Twaite shad 10 %; Crucian carp 20 % Contribution from the FMO members Year201020112012201320142015Contribution6800 Lek / year7000 Lek / year7500 Lek / year8000 Lek / year9000 Lek / year10000 Lek / yearNr of members*400410415420420420* The lake Shkodr FMO will include fishermen from lakes Vau i Dejs, Koman and river Drin, Bun and Reservoirs. Variable expenses (Other Expenses) Year201020112012201320142015Quantity (in thousand ALL)-100200300400400 Prediction of fish production for Shkodra lake (expressed in mt) SpeciesYear 2008Year 2010Year 2015Carp14.72040Crucian carp35.24040Bleak20.72660Eel101020Mullet152040Twaite shad12.43070Sea bass1.622Roach59.46070Rudd2.83.55Grass carp-0.51Big head carp0.311Amur Bream0.211European Perch16.72026European Chub5.964Others-1020Total194.9250400 Expenses that cannot be covered by the FMO for the year 2010 - 2011 Type of expenses Quantity Payment of guards for the spawning 4 areas X 4 guards X 300 US$ = 7200 US$ Areas (carp, twaite shad) (1.5 month) Payment of guards for the spawning 4 areas X 4 guards X 300 US$ = 7200 US$ Areas (bleak), Shirok, Zogaj (1.5 month) Maintenance of the carp spawning places 7500 US$ Repair of the bleak pontoon 15.000 US$ Fingerling purchase on restocking purposes 11.000 US$ Total 37.900 US$ The request lake Shkodra has for fingerlings restocking* Species Year 2010 Year 2015 Carp fingerlings 70.000 ind. 100.000 ind. Big head carp fingerlings 20.000 ind. 50.000 ind. Grass carp fingerlings 10.000 ind. 50.000 ind. These repopulation is necessary to protect the lake Shkodra ecosystem from the heavy vegetation especially in the eastern and south-eastern area and from the urban pollution that leads to these algal blooms. The requests and needs of the FMO. In order to prepare a practical and applicable business plan, a consultation process was undertaken with the FMO to listen to their voices, to see what they consider important to be included in the business plan. Conclusively their requests and proposals can be summarized as follows: The mechanism for allocation of fishing licenses must ensure that it will benefit local fisherman, who may have no other economic alternative besides fishing, aquaculture may be supported as an alternative of economic income taking into consideration to avoid introduction of exotic species, There is s great need for equipments to enhance their management capacity There is s need for saplings to try to populate the ever decreasing commercial fish species Fish marketing must be an exclusive right of the FMO, from catch to final consumer. There is an urgent need for the protection of the spawning areas. The protection of the existing natural spawning grounds should include two phases: First Phase: Cleaning of spawning areas For carp in a time frame of 30 days from April 15 to March 15 and construction of places where carp spawns. This includes 5 areas and at least 5 people per area are needed to work during 30 days. For herring in a period of 30 days, leveling of spawning areas. This includes 4 spawning areas, in Zogaj, Hani Hotit, Shiroke and Grizhe. Second Phase: Protection of the spawning areas: 15 April-15 May the fishermen should be organized in three shifts for the protection of 4 spawning areas with 4 fishermen per shift There is an urgent need for new regulations on fishery Fish resources are a common property of the fishermen communities in Albania and Montenegro and new common regulations should be a fundamental basis for the transboundary cooperation between both FMOs, in Albania and Montenegro. Application of EU Common Fishery Policy would be the best policy. The Fish Law of 1995 should be improved and freshwater fishery should be treated at length in the new fish regulations. There is a need to stop the environmental impacts of illegal and unregulated fishing. In consultations with the FMO it is clearly understood that the illegal fishing methods have proved very destructive. Fish catches have decreased considerably due to the use of dynamites few years ago and small, electricity, small size nets and use of surrounding (Koca). These fishing methods have had a very bad impact on the fish populations increase. Most of these illegal fishing methods are exercised in the spawning areas and spawning periods (koca) which have a really destructive impact on the females, while the electricity fishing kills any kind of species but in particular the eggs, larvae e small fish. In order to stop this illegal destructive activity to the sustainable development of the fisheries, some other economic alternatives for the illegal fishermen should be considered. The following alternatives can be sees as most appropriate: Involvement in the tourism related activities such as canoeing, tourist motorboats, bars and restaurants, tourist guides etc. aquaculture activities, because the fish resources seem to have declined considerably handicraft activities such as willow products There is an urgent need to promote higher awareness of Fishing in Lake Skadar/Shkodra as a transboundary concept. This can be achieved through effective joint programs of cooperation between Albanian and Montenegrin FMOs. Most effective would be a joint management plan or strategy which would be obligatory for all fishermen on both sides of the lake. Part of this plan or strategy should be awareness campaigns to raise the public awareness on the common benefits of the sustainable fisheries and the common disadvantages in case of continuity in unsustainable fisheries. Contribution to the FMO from LSIEMP. Apart from the important contribution of the FMO to the development of fishery, the consultant and the FMO staff underline the essential role that the project MIELSH plays. The support of the project should be focused on the strengthening of the fishing community for the sustainable development of the sector. The main requests for support include: equipments for the FMO to enhance their management capacity equipments to protect the spawning areas and to decrease the impact of illegal fishery, fishing gears Marketing of fish capture from the FMO concentrating gradually all the activities of fish market. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Lately by Decision of MoeFWA, the FMO will include the fishermen operating in the lake of Vaut t Dejs, Komanit, river Buna and Drin.     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Introduction info Fishing in lake Shkodra-brief history Fishing activities before 1990 were organized by the state. Fishing activities involved the whole cycle, the fishing, the processing, the conservation and marketing. The state was the manager and the controller of these activities which were determined through the Five Year Plans of Fishing. At the beginning of each year the Ministry determined: ( a) Total amount of fish, (b) Means and equipments for fishing, (c) Total amount of saplings for the sector of aquaculture, (d) The price for every fish species, (e) Marketing places and the quantity for each of them, ( f) Number of employees and fishermen in this sector. The fishery Enterprise in Lake Shkoder/Skadar had 120 fishermen. Young fishermen attended a course of qualification for around 9 months. The enterprise had two motorboats with 80 HP motors and 50 wooden boats which differed in size. Each boat had 3-4 fishermen. Fishing was mainly done through the use of fixed nets. Payment of the fishermen was based on the quality and quantity of fish caught by every brigade and the prices determined by the Ministry. Fish Prices of fish species were determined by the Ministry. Fish marketing was conducted by the state by first collecting it in the central store and then distributing it to the marketing shops on the basis of a plan approved by the Ministry. Fish Species ClassificationNr of speciesEconomically importantExtinction riskThreatenedInvasiveAutochthonous fish315-6-Migratory fish15422-Exotic fish147--1Total6016281Table 1. Fish species present in Lake Shkodra (from Rakaj. N., 1994 ichthyic fauna). History of fish catches in Lake Shkodra The historical trend of annual mean fish production from Lake Shkodra, Albania (expressed in metric ton - from the Fishery Research Institute Statistics unpublished) YearsTotalAutochthonous fishMigratory fishExotic fish1961-1965615410215-1965-1970643441202-1971-1975800667133-1976-198086375598101981-19906203101301801991-20045903157020520055203307511520081951033953 History of the number of fishermen in Lake Shkodra The number of fishermen in lake Shkodra, Albania(from FRI statistics and FMO communication) YearsIntervalMedianBefore 1990110-1401302000-2004300-5403502008400 BP issues From the concerns raised by professional fishermen and FMO members some measures were identified for the improvement of the situation The possibilities for the increase in fishery production and to diminish the illegal fishery and the environmental pollution impact; The focus of this BP was the strengthening of economic and administrative capacities of the FMO, because this is the first step that will assure a more rational and efficient way for the management of fishing resources; In settings the objectives there were taken into account also the possibilities that the project can give an initial help for the FMO support, in strengthening its role and efficiency not only for the Administrative Council but as well extended to its members; In preparing the BP draft, the FMO operational plans were consulted, but it has to be stated that the establishment and implementation of a new fishery management plan is needed due to the new situation of the fishery resources and of the increased pressure that the community near the lake is exerting into the fishery resources; Another issue taken into consideration while preparing the BP is the exploration of possibilities for the restoration of fishery stock which subsequently will lead to the increase of catches and fishermen income. The business plan is based on a 5-year period and beginning the consolidation of the activities of the FMO starting from 2010. To properly address all the issues this BP should be accompanied by a Management plan. The main topics this BP contains are: Output from the communication with different stakeholders, for their problems and their point of view on possible solutions FMO actual status, organization, functioning, problems and its present agenda FMO organization structure Actual status of the FMO business; Analysis on the FMO facilities, actual problems and obligations FMO income predictions The support that the MIELSH can give to the FMO for the most essential needs of the FMO in order to begin implementing this business plan. Establishment of Shkodra FMO Shkodr FMO was established on March 23rd 2003, according to Law nr. 8870 On some Additions and Amendments on Law nr. 7908 of 5.5.1995 On Fishery and Aquaculture (for more information see Box 1). The Minister approved the legal status of this FMO on May 21st 2003. By the establishment act the assembly list was also approved with its center in Shiroka and three landing sites (Shirok, Zogaj, Koplik) and covering all the fishing activity in Zogaj, Shirok, Rrethina, Vrak, Valc, Koplik, Strbeq, Jubic, Kamic dhe Shegan. In the Albanian side of the lake the only fishing structure apart from this organization is the one using the fish weir in the lake. This organization is registered at the local legal office. FMO are non-profit private independent legal organizations and all the income is used fro the functioning of the organizations and the fulfillment of its objectives. The FMO plays an active role in the lake management, also due to the fact that the fishing licenses are issued only to the FMO members. The FMO cooperates with the DFP and the MoEFWA, and its main structures are Administrative Council and the General Assembly. Law 8870 is the law frame that regulates the FMO activity. Based on this law, the main FMO bodies are the Administrative Council and the general assembly. The main functions of this FMO are: (i) the management of the fishing port or landing site, and (ii) the co-management of the fishing resources it uses. The FMO includes mainly the boat or vessel owners, but it allows the involvement of other persons that are fishermen (not-owners) or that deal with auxiliary activities of fishery. Lake Shkodra FMO objectives The Shkodr FMO has as its main objective, the fulfillment of the following duties: Promoting the use of methods that ensure an continuous development of fishery in compliance with fishery legislation, using the proper technology for the capture and growth of fishery, Promoting the quality and biological diversity of the ichthyic fauna and avoiding over-exploitation, Ensure the member participation in the co-management of fishery resources, Protect the member interest during their fishing activity, Ensure to the members the necessary services and conditions for a normal exercise of the fishing activity. The FMO business management plan and reporting Based on the legislation in force and on the model FMO status (standard model, Article 12(b), 15, 20, 4(b), 26 and 27(b)), the Shkodr FMO prepares an annual report where the main activities are reported related to the business and their performance. The BP should have the prior approval of the FMO. Some principles regarding Shkodra FMO In the statute of Shkodra FMO two main principles are stated. It is responsible for (i) responsible for the maintenance of landing sites and for the fish collection ensuring the necessary investments for the fishermen community and to have a legal status in their activity, and (ii) the FMO participation of fishery resources in cooperation with the DFP. The support of the plans of the fishery development and their implementation is done according to the sectors. The fishermen community must pay their duties and perform certain actions depending on the area they work, implement the status and FMO regulations, and the maintenance of the FMO equipments. Each FMO member plays an active role for the decision taken and the Assembly approves the annual budget and analyses the carried expenses and services and the costs that each member has. The assembly elects the chairman, deputy Chairman and the members of the Administrative Council, which is responsible for the daily FMO activity. The Administrative Council subsequently appoints a Manager and other staff to carry the activities proposed by the general Assembly. They also propose the interrelations with the local and national bodies for the lake (ecosystem) issues, in order to help in the co-management and implementation of management plans in national and transboundary level. The FMO is based in the principle of non-profit organization and as such all the profit will be allocated in the FMO, and controlled by the members, for the running costs, and the service fees. Each member has the right to participate in the meeting and to vote in the General Assembly that approves the annual budget and the activities that will be carried out in the fishery areas and the decisions carried out for the services and their costs. MISSION STATEMENT AND FMO OBJECTIVES The rearrangement of the fishing areas the increase of the catches landed in the landing sites and their marketing and the protection of the FMO members interest were the priorities in the consultant assignment. Some field trips were done in order to assess the needs the FMO administrative staff and members have and issues that require an long term solution in the business plan and that con be combined with the FMO main objectives, which can be summarized as the following: The general improvement of the lake fishing and spawning areas management, Increasing the fishery guard services, operational facilities for the strictly protection of the spawning areas for (i) carp in Fush-Bun, Dobra-Pyll, Kamic, Grizh, Shegan with delimited areas of 1-1.5 km, (ii) for bleak Tre-Manat, Zall-Bardh, Rrjoll, and (iii) for twaite shad in the areas Strbeq and Valc, Protection of the FMO members interest in all the fishery aspects (catch processing marketing decrease of illegal fishery etc.) Protection of the fish diversity in order to increase the fish value and the promotion of activities related to this, Efficient cooperation with the local and central institutions for the protection of the lake and to preserve it from irrational exploitation specified in the Article 4 of the model status. ACTUAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE The FMO Administrative Council has the following composition: Chairman (Gzim LEZAJ) Deputy-Chairman (Gac GOCAJ) Members (Ruzhdi SELIMI; Fatmir PATUSHA, Nazmi ZENELI, Ali HARUSHA, Gjeto LEPURI, Sami MEZINI, Ismet PEPA, Beto GJETA) The Chairman is elected on a two year basis based on Article 17 of the FMO model FMO members (staff) The FMO has nearly 400 members. It needs to be emphasized that there are 20 fishermen operating in the fish weir of Shkodra lake, that are part of the FMO and that are as well nearly 200 unlicensed fishermen exercising their fishing activity into the lake. For the control and management of the lake Shkodra beside the activity of the Administrative Council, there are other authorities that help in the prevention of illegal fishery and controlling and licensing of the legal fishermen such as: the Police, the Financial Police, the Environmental bodies with their inspectors etc. The Rangers which were established and trained thanks to a UNOPS program has given good results especially during the first years. The number of small boats that bear a FMO license up to date is 192. The AC currently has an executive staff of 6 persons of which one manager, one cleaner, one facility guard and three lake guards. By analyzing the large area of the lake and the extension of the fishery areas, by several opinions the increase in number of guards and their equipment is needed. BUSINESS ACTIONS Some studies in research, technical, engineering, environmental and economical aspects of lake Shkodra for the development of the development of fishing areas have been carried out previously. 4.1 Core duties, obligation and responsibilities The FMO is responsible and manages the network of the fishing areas as long as for the co-management of these areas with public bodies for the implementation of the management plan. The FMO should plan activities for the implementation and strengthening of the co-management plans, in collaboration with the DFP and Monitoring, Control and Surveillance programs. Up to date the catch are provided by the Fishing Inspectorate and sent to the DFP for the assessment of stock status, production trend, catch structure etc. 4.1.1 FMO member contribution In the Article 9 of the model status of the FMO, the member contributions play a key role in the management of the FMO. Today, due to the low production level, the income of the fishermen, members of FMO, are nearly 100.000 200.000 ALL/year, thus their annual contribution is 6.800 ALL for each boat. Each member of the FMO, according to the GA Decision must fulfill the following obligations: Pay the contributions or fees (or accomplish certain activities that help the community); Apply to the regulation and status of the lake Shkodra FMO; Allow the boat and fishing gear examination from the FMO staff; Maintain all the equipment and other infrastructure pertaining to the FMO; Inform the FMO about its activity and not disseminate FMO confidential information. Each member of the lake Shkodra FMO according to the article 25 of the model status is obliged to pay the monthly or annual quotas. The calculation of this contribution is partially compliant with the right to vote according to Article 23 of the status. For the lake Shkodra FMO, the AC suggested the principle one member one quota, but one a fishing boat includes one or two fishermen the level of contribution is not very clear. Therefore during the CA meeting in 2006 it was decided that the contribution for each boat should be 2 USD per month. This contribution suffered several changes and in the future are foreseen more changes related to the fishermen income and the infrastructure the FMO has. The payment is done only for the FMO registered members, which pay contributions for the services needed. The consultant estimates as the basis for the increase of the quota for the members: Increase of the fish production; Improvement of the quality; Improvement of the catch structure based on the protection of the spawning ground for the commercially important fish species; Minimizing the effect of illegal fishery; Marketing the fish through the FMO and diversifying the fishing activity. Based on this factor the GA can focus on the needed expenses in order to increase the members income at least twice, resulting in the increase of the member contribution up to 10.000 ALL and improving the business plan by promoting services that affect the fishing activity and a sustainable and responsible development. 4.1.2 AC duties The AC members are responsible for the management of the FMO and Article 15 details their duties and responsibilities. The FMO manager and its executive staff have the following tasks: Acts accordingly to the status and regulation of lake Shkodra FMO; Election of the staff (members); Inclusion of new members by informing the Council of their recruitment; Convenes the GA for the regular annual meeting or for any extraordinary meeting; Monitors and manages administratively the FMO and its staff; Supervises the FMO financial accounts; Prepares the annual budget and the work plan (implementation for all fishing areas, management plans and their maintenance); Implementation of the fishery co-management plans; It is the signing authority of contracts on supplies, maintenance and cooperation with third parties on behalf of the FMO members; Gives the information for the DFP (or other public institutions) for the fish capture according to areas and species, the boat register, fish marketing and other services. 4.1.3 The FMO Executive Staff According to the Article 22 of the model status, by executive status is meant the hired staff of the FMO responsible for the implementation of the FMO operational plans and business plans. The same Article states that the AC members are not paid when hired to the executive staff. The executive staff is headed by the manger appointed by the AC. The AC decides on the responsibilities and salaries of the manager and executive staff. 4.1.4 Service fees During the fishing activity the damages that may occur to the boats, fishing gears etc. are covered by the boat owner. It is proposed that a part of them should be covered by the FMO (from the membership contribution). The AC of lake Shkodra FMO should decide for: Payments of fishing grounds according to their extension and nature; The lending fees for the fishing gears and working facilities; Equipment and supply with fishing gears and boats. 4.1.5 Contribution to the FMO from the rehabilitation costs of the MIELSH project. Apart from the important contribution of the FMO to the development of fishery, the consultant and the FMO staff underline the essential role that the project MIELSH plays. The support of the project should be focused on the strengthening of the fishing community for the sustainable development of the sector. The main requests for support include: (i) equipments for the FMO guards in order to protect the spawning areas and to decrease the impact of illegal fishery, (ii) fishing gears for the FMO fishermen in all areas, and (iii) marketing of fish capture from the FMO concentrating gradually all the activities of fish market. 4.2 The network of fishing areas, management obligations The lake shore will not be used as exploitation area because the area extended 6 meters from the waterline is public area and as such these areas have to be maintained by the landing sites, also due to the fact that during the rise of the lake water level, these areas serve as spawning grounds. 4.3 Duties for the fishery management These duties are stated as well in the Law nr.7908, of 5.4.1995 On Fishery and Aquaculture amended. These duties have to be known by the members of the FMO and by the GA. The consultant worked to incorporate the objectives of the management and exploitation of fishery resources in coordination with the DFP in order to implement a strategy for the lake management on these issues: Analysis of the situation which nowadays is critical as described in the inception report; Identification of short, medium and long term objectives for the management of fishery in all ecosystem; Determination of the management measures and the necessity of designing a development strategy in order to achieve the objectives; Identification of the financial means for the implementation of a sustainable development. The management should go in line with the national development strategy for the inland waters, and especially for lake Shkodra which is the biggest lake in the Balkan and internationally important. There should be included also the co-management concept. In the BP the priority has been given to the fish production, protection of habitats, ensuring the connectivity of the lake with sea and connecting rivers, spawning areas and seasons. The next objective is the increase of the fish value through the FMO-organized market, diversification of fishing activity and gradual decrease of the illegal fishing activity. The abovementioned measures aim at increasing the income of FMO members and subsequently their contribution. This will help the rational investments toward the strengthening of the FMO. 4.4 Development topics The main objective of the BP is the sustainable development of the fishery sector, achieving the strengthening of all landing sites and their active cooperation in order to have a gradual increase of the captures. The control over the FMO expenses will be stronger and the members active role and cooperation with the local institutions will serve all the purposes the ecosystems has such as: Protection of biodiversity; Eco-Tourism; The harmonization with the social needs of the local community; and A cooperation with the neighbor country to have common measures to be taken for the protection and adding value to the ecosystem. ANALYSIS AND THE CURRENT BUSINESS STATUS The Lake Shkodra FMO organization and functioning during the last years had sensible improvements. 5.1 SWOT analysis on the FMO concept In the BP implementation after a thorough consultation with all stake holders the following factors should be taken into account: Strength: The protection of fishing areas and spawning grounds for some species such as carp, bleak and twaite shad recently has improved thanks to the FMO contribution. The FMO during the recent period has confiscated many fishing gears used in illegal fishery. The transboundary commission is established and an improvement of cooperation is expected. The cooperation with local and central institutions is in constant improvement and the cooperation as well. The FMO members have raised their awareness for the role of the FMO and the quotas are regularly paid. The AC is currently working and its staff is fulfilling its terms of reference. The lake Shkodra FMO situation now is stable and it is taking now its responsibilities. This is reflected also on the FMO actual business situation which is much better then before guaranteeing better management. A simple and effective business plan in order to avoid internal flaws and deficiencies will allow further improvement. The AC staff is quite experienced in the fishery sector and they are quite aware of all the problems and possible solutions for the fishery sector development. The FMO is moving toward a consolidation and a stable situation. The experience existing before the 90 affects positively the FMO and organization and maintenance. There is a good cooperation between professional fishermen and landing sites for the management of the areas. The cooperation with the MoEFWA for illegal fishery, determination of license number, the fishermen register etc. is at good point. The use of efficient techniques for legal fishery are well known. The area surrounding the Shkodra lake has a tradition in fishery, so all the marketing problems are not very difficult. The infrastructure built by the Fishery Development Project (financed by the World Bank) is being used for the FMO toward the community needs. Weakness: Some members are not yet aware of the role of their contribution toward the strengthening of infrastructure of FMO. The level of income is relatively low, especially taking into account the difficulties that this profession presents. Despite the improvements, it is still very problematic the abusive fishery of carp, bleak and twaite shad, in the lake and the free movement of migratory fish in river Buna. The coordination between the FMO staff and the DFP fishery inspectorate on management purpose is not yet at optimum levels. There is not a clear distinction between abusive and sport fishery, which brings premises for irrational fishery. Opportunities: The support of FMO from MoEFWA is increasing toward the FMO authority establishment, for the licenses issues and measures and the protection of lake from illegal fishery. The 5-year FDP project investments and new MIELSH project will help in establishing and implementing the business and management plans, the strengthening of FMO and transboundary cooperation for future strategies. The FMO guards and their job, and their safeguarding of the fishing areas, will positively affect the production trend. The promotion of the fish market from the lake Shkodra FMO will improve the value and the FMO role in the local market. Threats: The lack of proper support for the strictly protected areas protection and cooperation with the Environment Inspectors, Rangers and the police forces. The lack of joint inspection activities from both countries for the free movement and protection of migratory fish in river Buna. 5.2 National and sector issues From the analysis of the FMO problems from the consultant the main issues were: Increase of the MCS efficiency as basis for the sustainable fishery development and as consequences the increase of the FMO members, Increase of the cooperation efficiency between two countries in implementation of Joint Commission established thanks to the MIELSh on this purpose, Improvement of the statistical service for a scientific monitoring of the fishery resources in the lake, as long as these statistics play a key role in the management policies, The cooperation with the public sector in Shkodra FMO for the coordination of thw works carried out. Financial analysis The Project for FMO expenses Regarding the financial activities of the FMO and on its model, the consultant proposed that BP should be extended for a 5-year plan and was designed in close collaboration with the FMO staff and the following considerations: Most of the FMO members are aware that strengthening the FMO will solve some of the problems regarding their activity, The contribution from the FMO members is regularly collected and there is awareness from the manager and the executive staff to use these funds in the proper way, The AC is properly functioning and creates premises for the increase of efficiency and proper coordination of the landing sites. The impact of the illegal fishery has now a decreasing trend due to this collaboration in all areas of the lake, The project is contributing positively in the strengthening of the FMO role and the coordination of the tasks between the lake community and the river Buna, In conformity with the opinion of the fishermen, the consultant reached the conclusion that in the next 5 or 6 years the production will reach twice the production of 2008, resulting in the same increase in the FMO members, Development of infrastructure for the fish marketing (auto-refrigerator, ice production etc.) will increase the value of the product. It will be necessary that in the future the FMO Shkodr has the right to sell the fishery products to the wholesale and retailers, due to the fact that FMO is the only body entitled to exploit and manage the fishery resources in lake Shkodra and the lakes of hydropower centers in Vau i Dejs and Koman.. This will directly affect in the decrease of illegal fishery, abusive fishery and the increase of income for the FMO members. The BP is based on the actual activities carried out by the FMO, the efficient use of the income and the future planning of activities. There are some equipments needed from the Shkodra FMO which will be necessary for the improvement and further development of the FMO explained below: In the general data regarding the business plan, in the item income from fish marketing and services, 80 % of the value is dedicated to the auto-refrigerator destined for the collection and marketing of the fish. It should be emphasized that the distance from the FMO center to the fishermen in the northeastern part of the lake, can be more then 60 km. During the season of spring, summer and autumn, it is impossible to have a proper marketing and collection of the fish without the availability of the auto-refrigerator. Furthermore it is needed also to maintain the hygienic conditions that the fish should be transported with auto-refrigerator. This auto-refrigerator will enable the transport of the fish product in +4 to +6 degree Celsius. As a result the FMO will be the main center for supplying the north-eastern part of Albania with freshwater fish products. In the expenses of the plan business for the auto-refrigerator there are foreseen some expenses such as driver salary, fuel cost, maintenance and taking into account that is driver responsible for the good conditions of the vehicle. The boat with the 2 outboards will be used by the FMO for the protection of the spawning, migration and shelter grounds of the fish both in lake Shkodra and river Buna, in cooperation with other competent national and international authorities. The small outboards (4-5 Hp) will be delivered to the fishermen groups operating in the lake (mainly the northeastern part), as well as the fishing nets depending also from the economic conditions of the fishermen. The added value from the increase of the production and the concentration of the market will result in better incomes for the fishermen. This BP evaluates also the maintenance issues, current expenses, meetings etc. This PB reflects especially the work carried out during the two previous years, the inventory of equipment they have, fishing gears, maintenance problems and their solutions. The advantages from the value of the catches, income from lending the facilities, warehouses etc. has been calculated. General Data from the business plan (in thousand ALL) IncomeNumber2009Number2010Number2015From member contribution (actually 6.800 Lek/boat)190130019023001901900Service feesIncome from fish--10 mt50050 t5.000Services-----500Lending-215-220-300Total151520207070 ExpensesNumber2009Number2010Number2015Fixed ExpensesFMO Manager124012401360Facilities guard112011201150Cleaner110011001100Lake guard3720372061500Driver--12402500Warehouse keeper--11201240Seller--11201240Total of fixed expenses-118016603090Other ExpensesWater/Electricity150150300Fuel150150500Telephone--100Transport--500Miscellaneous*--400Maintenance--600Total of Other Expenses3003002400Variable ExpensesTravel3550200Conferences-1080Miscellaneous--20Hired Shop--200Member Fund**--1710Total of Variable Expenses35602210Total151520107070* Including expenses for semi-artificial reproduction ** Used for insurance, calamities, rewards and investments in the FMO Income from the collection and selling of the fish (in metric tons Year201020112012201320142015Collected Quantity102030404550Profit50 Lek/kg50 Lek/kg60 Lek/kg70 Lek/kg90 Lek/kg100 Lek/kg Species that will be collected Carp 60 %; Mullet 10 %; Twaite shad 10 %; Crucian carp 20 % Contribution from the FMO members Year201020112012201320142015Contribution6800 Lek / year7000 Lek / year7500 Lek / year8000 Lek / year9000 Lek / year10000 Lek / yearNr of members*400410415420420420* The lake Shkodr FMO will include fishermen from lakes Vau i Dejs, Koman and river Drin, Bun and Reservoirs. Variable expenses (Other Expenses) Year201020112012201320142015Quantity (in thousand ALL)-100200300400400 Prediction of fish production for Shkodra lake (expressed in mt) SpeciesYear 2008Year 2010Year 2015Carp14.72040Crucian carp35.24040Bleak20.72660Eel101020Mullet152040Twaite shad12.43070Sea bass1.622Roach59.46070Rudd2.83.55Grass carp-0.51Big head carp0.311Amur Bream0.211European Perch16.72026European Chub5.964Others-1020Total194.9250400 Expenses that cannot be covered by the FMO for the year 2010 - 2011 Type of expenses Quantity Payment of guards for the spawning 4 areas X 4 guards X 300 US$ = 7200 US$ Areas (carp, twaite shad) (1.5 month) Payment of guards for the spawning 4 areas X 4 guards X 300 US$ = 7200 US$ Areas (bleak), Shirok, Zogaj (1.5 month) Maintenance of the carp spawning places 7500 US$ Repair of the bleak pontoon 15.000 US$ Fingerling purchase on restocking purposes 11.000 US$ Total 37.900 US$ The request lake Shkodra has for fingerlings restocking* Species Year 2010 Year 2015 Carp fingerlings 70.000 ind. 100.000 ind. Big head carp fingerlings 20.000 ind. 50.000 ind. Grass carp fingerlings 10.000 ind. 50.000 ind. These repopulation is necessary to protect the lake Shkodra ecosystem from the heavy vegetation especially in the eastern and south-eastern area and from the urban pollution that leads to these algal blooms. The requests and needs of the FMO. In order to prepare a practical and applicable business plan, a consultation process was undertaken with the FMO to listen to their voices, to see what they consider important to be included in the business plan. Conclusively their requests and proposals can be summarized as follows: The mechanism for allocation of fishing licenses must ensure that it will benefit local fisherman, who may have no other economic alternative besides fishing, aquaculture may be supported as an alternative of economic income taking into consideration to avoid introduction of exotic species, There is s great need for equipments to enhance their management capacity There is s need for saplings to try to populate the ever decreasing commercial fish species Fish marketing must be an exclusive right of the FMO, from catch to final consumer. There is an urgent need for the protection of the spawning areas. The protection of the existing natural spawning grounds should include two phases: First Phase: Cleaning of spawning areas For carp in a time frame of 30 days from April 15 to March 15 and construction of places where carp spawns. This includes 5 areas and at least 5 people per area are needed to work during 30 days. For herring in a period of 30 days, leveling of spawning areas. This includes 4 spawning areas, in Zogaj, Hani Hotit, Shiroke and Grizhe. Second Phase: Protection of the spawning areas: 15 April-15 May the fishermen should be organized in three shifts for the protection of 4 spawning areas with 4 fishermen per shift There is an urgent need for new regulations on fishery Fish resources are a common property of the fishermen communities in Albania and Montenegro and new common regulations should be a fundamental basis for the transboundary cooperation between both FMOs, in Albania and Montenegro. Application of EU Common Fishery Policy would be the best policy. The Fish Law of 1995 should be improved and freshwater fishery should be treated at length in the new fish regulations. There is a need to stop the environmental impacts of illegal and unregulated fishing. In consultations with the FMO it is clearly understood that the illegal fishing methods have proved very destructive. Fish catches have decreased considerably due to the use of dynamites few years ago and small, electricity, small size nets and use of surrounding (Koca). These fishing methods have had a very bad impact on the fish populations increase. Most of these illegal fishing methods are exercised in the spawning areas and spawning periods (koca) which have a really destructive impact on the females, while the electricity fishing kills any kind of species but in particular the eggs, larvae e small fish. In order to stop this illegal destructive activity to the sustainable development of the fisheries, some other economic alternatives for the illegal fishermen should be considered. The following alternatives can be sees as most appropriate: Involvement in the tourism related activities such as canoeing, tourist motorboats, bars and restaurants, tourist guides etc. aquaculture activities, because the fish resources seem to have declined considerably handicraft activities such as willow products There is an urgent need to promote higher awareness of Fishing in Lake Skadar/Shkodra as a transboundary concept. This can be achieved through effective joint programs of cooperation between Albanian and Montenegrin FMOs. Most effective would be a joint management plan or strategy which would be obligatory for all fishermen on both sides of the lake. Part of this plan or strategy should be awareness campaigns to raise the public awareness on the common benefits of the sustainable fisheries and the common disadvantages in case of continuity in unsustainable fisheries. Contribution to the FMO from LSIEMP. Apart from the important contribution of the FMO to the development of fishery, the consultant and the FMO staff underline the essential role that the project MIELSH plays. The support of the project should be focused on the strengthening of the fishing community for the sustainable development of the sector. The main requests for support include: equipments for the FMO to enhance their management capacity equipments to protect the spawning areas and to decrease the impact of illegal fishery, fishing gears Marketing of fish capture from the FMO concentrating gradually all the activities of fish market. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Lately by Decision of MoeFWA, the FMO will include the fishermen operating in the lake of Vaut t Dejs, Komanit, river Buna and Drin.     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Introduction info Fishing in lake Shkodra-brief history Fishing activities before 1990 were organized by the state. Fishing activities involved the whole cycle, the fishing, the processing, the conservation and marketing. The state was the manager and the controller of these activities which were determined through the Five Year Plans of Fishing. At the beginning of each year the Ministry determined: ( a) Total amount of fish, (b) Means and equipments for fishing, (c) Total amount of saplings for the sector of aquaculture, (d) The price for every fish species, (e) Marketing places and the quantity for each of them, ( f) Number of employees and fishermen in this sector. The fishery Enterprise in Lake Shkoder/Skadar had 120 fishermen. Young fishermen attended a course of qualification for around 9 months. The enterprise had two motorboats with 80 HP motors and 50 wooden boats which differed in size. Each boat had 3-4 fishermen. Fishing was mainly done through the use of fixed nets. Payment of the fishermen was based on the quality and quantity of fish caught by every brigade and the prices determined by the Ministry. Fish Prices of fish species were determined by the Ministry. Fish marketing was conducted by the state by first collecting it in the central store and then distributing it to the marketing shops on the basis of a plan approved by the Ministry. Fish Species ClassificationNr of speciesEconomically importantExtinction riskThreatenedInvasiveAutochthonous fish315-6-Migratory fish15422-Exotic fish147--1Total6016281Table 1. Fish species present in Lake Shkodra (from Rakaj. N., 1994 ichthyic fauna). History of fish catches in Lake Shkodra The historical trend of annual mean fish production from Lake Shkodra, Albania (expressed in metric ton - from the Fishery Research Institute Statistics unpublished) YearsTotalAutochthonous fishMigratory fishExotic fish1961-1965615410215-1965-1970643441202-1971-1975800667133-1976-198086375598101981-19906203101301801991-20045903157020520055203307511520081951033953 History of the number of fishermen in Lake Shkodra The number of fishermen in lake Shkodra, Albania(from FRI statistics and FMO communication) YearsIntervalMedianBefore 1990110-1401302000-2004300-5403502008400 BP issues From the concerns raised by professional fishermen and FMO members some measures were identified for the improvement of the situation The possibilities for the increase in fishery production and to diminish the illegal fishery and the environmental pollution impact; The focus of this BP was the strengthening of economic and administrative capacities of the FMO, because this is the first step that will assure a more rational and efficient way for the management of fishing resources; In settings the objectives there were taken into account also the possibilities that the project can give an initial help for the FMO support, in strengthening its role and efficiency not only for the Administrative Council but as well extended to its members; In preparing the BP draft, the FMO operational plans were consulted, but it has to be stated that the establishment and implementation of a new fishery management plan is needed due to the new situation of the fishery resources and of the increased pressure that the community near the lake is exerting into the fishery resources; Another issue taken into consideration while preparing the BP is the exploration of possibilities for the restoration of fishery stock which subsequently will lead to the increase of catches and fishermen income. The business plan is based on a 5-year period and beginning the consolidation of the activities of the FMO starting from 2010. To properly address all the issues this BP should be accompanied by a Management plan. The main topics this BP contains are: Output from the communication with different stakeholders, for their problems and their point of view on possible solutions FMO actual status, organization, functioning, problems and its present agenda FMO organization structure Actual status of the FMO business; Analysis on the FMO facilities, actual problems and obligations FMO income predictions The support that the MIELSH can give to the FMO for the most essential needs of the FMO in order to begin implementing this business plan. Establishment of Shkodra FMO Shkodr FMO was established on March 23rd 2003, according to Law nr. 8870 On some Additions and Amendments on Law nr. 7908 of 5.5.1995 On Fishery and Aquaculture (for more information see Box 1). The Minister approved the legal status of this FMO on May 21st 2003. By the establishment act the assembly list was also approved with its center in Shiroka and three landing sites (Shirok, Zogaj, Koplik) and covering all the fishing activity in Zogaj, Shirok, Rrethina, Vrak, Valc, Koplik, Strbeq, Jubic, Kamic dhe Shegan. In the Albanian side of the lake the only fishing structure apart from this organization is the one using the fish weir in the lake. This organization is registered at the local legal office. FMO are non-profit private independent legal organizations and all the income is used fro the functioning of the organizations and the fulfillment of its objectives. The FMO plays an active role in the lake management, also due to the fact that the fishing licenses are issued only to the FMO members. The FMO cooperates with the DFP and the MoEFWA, and its main structures are Administrative Council and the General Assembly. Law 8870 is the law frame that regulates the FMO activity. Based on this law, the main FMO bodies are the Administrative Council and the general assembly. The main functions of this FMO are: (i) the management of the fishing port or landing site, and (ii) the co-management of the fishing resources it uses. The FMO includes mainly the boat or vessel owners, but it allows the involvement of other persons that are fishermen (not-owners) or that deal with auxiliary activities of fishery. Lake Shkodra FMO objectives The Shkodr FMO has as its main objective, the fulfillment of the following duties: Promoting the use of methods that ensure an continuous development of fishery in compliance with fishery legislation, using the proper technology for the capture and growth of fishery, Promoting the quality and biological diversity of the ichthyic fauna and avoiding over-exploitation, Ensure the member participation in the co-management of fishery resources, Protect the member interest during their fishing activity, Ensure to the members the necessary services and conditions for a normal exercise of the fishing activity. The FMO business management plan and reporting Based on the legislation in force and on the model FMO status (standard model, Article 12(b), 15, 20, 4(b), 26 and 27(b)), the Shkodr FMO prepares an annual report where the main activities are reported related to the business and their performance. The BP should have the prior approval of the FMO. Some principles regarding Shkodra FMO In the statute of Shkodra FMO two main principles are stated. It is responsible for (i) responsible for the maintenance of landing sites and for the fish collection ensuring the necessary investments for the fishermen community and to have a legal status in their activity, and (ii) the FMO participation of fishery resources in cooperation with the DFP. The support of the plans of the fishery development and their implementation is done according to the sectors. The fishermen community must pay their duties and perform certain actions depending on the area they work, implement the status and FMO regulations, and the maintenance of the FMO equipments. Each FMO member plays an active role for the decision taken and the Assembly approves the annual budget and analyses the carried expenses and services and the costs that each member has. The assembly elects the chairman, deputy Chairman and the members of the Administrative Council, which is responsible for the daily FMO activity. The Administrative Council subsequently appoints a Manager and other staff to carry the activities proposed by the general Assembly. They also propose the interrelations with the local and national bodies for the lake (ecosystem) issues, in order to help in the co-management and implementation of management plans in national and transboundary level. The FMO is based in the principle of non-profit organization and as such all the profit will be allocated in the FMO, and controlled by the members, for the running costs, and the service fees. Each member has the right to participate in the meeting and to vote in the General Assembly that approves the annual budget and the activities that will be carried out in the fishery areas and the decisions carried out for the services and their costs. MISSION STATEMENT AND FMO OBJECTIVES The rearrangement of the fishing areas the increase of the catches landed in the landing sites and their marketing and the protection of the FMO members interest were the priorities in the consultant assignment. Some field trips were done in order to assess the needs the FMO administrative staff and members have and issues that require an long term solution in the business plan and that con be combined with the FMO main objectives, which can be summarized as the following: The general improvement of the lake fishing and spawning areas management, Increasing the fishery guard services, operational facilities for the strictly protection of the spawning areas for (i) carp in Fush-Bun, Dobra-Pyll, Kamic, Grizh, Shegan with delimited areas of 1-1.5 km, (ii) for bleak Tre-Manat, Zall-Bardh, Rrjoll, and (iii) for twaite shad in the areas Strbeq and Valc, Protection of the FMO members interest in all the fishery aspects (catch processing marketing decrease of illegal fishery etc.) Protection of the fish diversity in order to increase the fish value and the promotion of activities related to this, Efficient cooperation with the local and central institutions for the protection of the lake and to preserve it from irrational exploitation specified in the Article 4 of the model status. ACTUAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE The FMO Administrative Council has the following composition: Chairman (Gzim LEZAJ) Deputy-Chairman (Gac GOCAJ) Members (Ruzhdi SELIMI; Fatmir PATUSHA, Nazmi ZENELI, Ali HARUSHA, Gjeto LEPURI, Sami MEZINI, Ismet PEPA, Beto GJETA) The Chairman is elected on a two year basis based on Article 17 of the FMO model FMO members (staff) The FMO has nearly 400 members. It needs to be emphasized that there are 20 fishermen operating in the fish weir of Shkodra lake, that are part of the FMO and that are as well nearly 200 unlicensed fishermen exercising their fishing activity into the lake. For the control and management of the lake Shkodra beside the activity of the Administrative Council, there are other authorities that help in the prevention of illegal fishery and controlling and licensing of the legal fishermen such as: the Police, the Financial Police, the Environmental bodies with their inspectors etc. The Rangers which were established and trained thanks to a UNOPS program has given good results especially during the first years. The number of small boats that bear a FMO license up to date is 192. The AC currently has an executive staff of 6 persons of which one manager, one cleaner, one facility guard and three lake guards. By analyzing the large area of the lake and the extension of the fishery areas, by several opinions the increase in number of guards and their equipment is needed. BUSINESS ACTIONS Some studies in research, technical, engineering, environmental and economical aspects of lake Shkodra for the development of the development of fishing areas have been carried out previously. 4.1 Core duties, obligation and responsibilities The FMO is responsible and manages the network of the fishing areas as long as for the co-management of these areas with public bodies for the implementation of the management plan. The FMO should plan activities for the implementation and strengthening of the co-management plans, in collaboration with the DFP and Monitoring, Control and Surveillance programs. Up to date the catch are provided by the Fishing Inspectorate and sent to the DFP for the assessment of stock status, production trend, catch structure etc. 4.1.1 FMO member contribution In the Article 9 of the model status of the FMO, the member contributions play a key role in the management of the FMO. Today, due to the low production level, the income of the fishermen, members of FMO, are nearly 100.000 200.000 ALL/year, thus their annual contribution is 6.800 ALL for each boat. Each member of the FMO, according to the GA Decision must fulfill the following obligations: Pay the contributions or fees (or accomplish certain activities that help the community); Apply to the regulation and status of the lake Shkodra FMO; Allow the boat and fishing gear examination from the FMO staff; Maintain all the equipment and other infrastructure pertaining to the FMO; Inform the FMO about its activity and not disseminate FMO confidential information. Each member of the lake Shkodra FMO according to the article 25 of the model status is obliged to pay the monthly or annual quotas. The calculation of this contribution is partially compliant with the right to vote according to Article 23 of the status. For the lake Shkodra FMO, the AC suggested the principle one member one quota, but one a fishing boat includes one or two fishermen the level of contribution is not very clear. Therefore during the CA meeting in 2006 it was decided that the contribution for each boat should be 2 USD per month. This contribution suffered several changes and in the future are foreseen more changes related to the fishermen income and the infrastructure the FMO has. The payment is done only for the FMO registered members, which pay contributions for the services needed. The consultant estimates as the basis for the increase of the quota for the members: Increase of the fish production; Improvement of the quality; Improvement of the catch structure based on the protection of the spawning ground for the commercially important fish species; Minimizing the effect of illegal fishery; Marketing the fish through the FMO and diversifying the fishing activity. Based on this factor the GA can focus on the needed expenses in order to increase the members income at least twice, resulting in the increase of the member contribution up to 10.000 ALL and improving the business plan by promoting services that affect the fishing activity and a sustainable and responsible development. 4.1.2 AC duties The AC members are responsible for the management of the FMO and Article 15 details their duties and responsibilities. The FMO manager and its executive staff have the following tasks: Acts accordingly to the status and regulation of lake Shkodra FMO; Election of the staff (members); Inclusion of new members by informing the Council of their recruitment; Convenes the GA for the regular annual meeting or for any extraordinary meeting; Monitors and manages administratively the FMO and its staff; Supervises the FMO financial accounts; Prepares the annual budget and the work plan (implementation for all fishing areas, management plans and their maintenance); Implementation of the fishery co-management plans; It is the signing authority of contracts on supplies, maintenance and cooperation with third parties on behalf of the FMO members; Gives the information for the DFP (or other public institutions) for the fish capture according to areas and species, the boat register, fish marketing and other services. 4.1.3 The FMO Executive Staff According to the Article 22 of the model status, by executive status is meant the hired staff of the FMO responsible for the implementation of the FMO operational plans and business plans. The same Article states that the AC members are not paid when hired to the executive staff. The executive staff is headed by the manger appointed by the AC. The AC decides on the responsibilities and salaries of the manager and executive staff. 4.1.4 Service fees During the fishing activity the damages that may occur to the boats, fishing gears etc. are covered by the boat owner. It is proposed that a part of them should be covered by the FMO (from the membership contribution). The AC of lake Shkodra FMO should decide for: Payments of fishing grounds according to their extension and nature; The lending fees for the fishing gears and working facilities; Equipment and supply with fishing gears and boats. 4.1.5 Contribution to the FMO from the rehabilitation costs of the MIELSH project. Apart from the important contribution of the FMO to the development of fishery, the consultant and the FMO staff underline the essential role that the project MIELSH plays. The support of the project should be focused on the strengthening of the fishing community for the sustainable development of the sector. The main requests for support include: (i) equipments for the FMO guards in order to protect the spawning areas and to decrease the impact of illegal fishery, (ii) fishing gears for the FMO fishermen in all areas, and (iii) marketing of fish capture from the FMO concentrating gradually all the activities of fish market. 4.2 The network of fishing areas, management obligations The lake shore will not be used as exploitation area because the area extended 6 meters from the waterline is public area and as such these areas have to be maintained by the landing sites, also due to the fact that during the rise of the lake water level, these areas serve as spawning grounds. 4.3 Duties for the fishery management These duties are stated as well in the Law nr.7908, of 5.4.1995 On Fishery and Aquaculture amended. These duties have to be known by the members of the FMO and by the GA. The consultant worked to incorporate the objectives of the management and exploitation of fishery resources in coordination with the DFP in order to implement a strategy for the lake management on these issues: Analysis of the situation which nowadays is critical as described in the inception report; Identification of short, medium and long term objectives for the management of fishery in all ecosystem; Determination of the management measures and the necessity of designing a development strategy in order to achieve the objectives; Identification of the financial means for the implementation of a sustainable development. The management should go in line with the national development strategy for the inland waters, and especially for lake Shkodra which is the biggest lake in the Balkan and internationally important. There should be included also the co-management concept. In the BP the priority has been given to the fish production, protection of habitats, ensuring the connectivity of the lake with sea and connecting rivers, spawning areas and seasons. The next objective is the increase of the fish value through the FMO-organized market, diversification of fishing activity and gradual decrease of the illegal fishing activity. The abovementioned measures aim at increasing the income of FMO members and subsequently their contribution. This will help the rational investments toward the strengthening of the FMO. 4.4 Development topics The main objective of the BP is the sustainable development of the fishery sector, achieving the strengthening of all landing sites and their active cooperation in order to have a gradual increase of the captures. The control over the FMO expenses will be stronger and the members active role and cooperation with the local institutions will serve all the purposes the ecosystems has such as: Protection of biodiversity; Eco-Tourism; The harmonization with the social needs of the local community; and A cooperation with the neighbor country to have common measures to be taken for the protection and adding value to the ecosystem. ANALYSIS AND THE CURRENT BUSINESS STATUS The Lake Shkodra FMO organization and functioning during the last years had sensible improvements. 5.1 SWOT analysis on the FMO concept In the BP implementation after a thorough consultation with all stake holders the following factors should be taken into account: Strength: The protection of fishing areas and spawning grounds for some species such as carp, bleak and twaite shad recently has improved thanks to the FMO contribution. The FMO during the recent period has confiscated many fishing gears used in illegal fishery. The transboundary commission is established and an improvement of cooperation is expected. The cooperation with local and central institutions is in constant improvement and the cooperation as well. The FMO members have raised their awareness for the role of the FMO and the quotas are regularly paid. The AC is currently working and its staff is fulfilling its terms of reference. The lake Shkodra FMO situation now is stable and it is taking now its responsibilities. This is reflected also on the FMO actual business situation which is much better then before guaranteeing better management. A simple and effective business plan in order to avoid internal flaws and deficiencies will allow further improvement. The AC staff is quite experienced in the fishery sector and they are quite aware of all the problems and possible solutions for the fishery sector development. The FMO is moving toward a consolidation and a stable situation. The experience existing before the 90 affects positively the FMO and organization and maintenance. There is a good cooperation between professional fishermen and landing sites for the management of the areas. The cooperation with the MoEFWA for illegal fishery, determination of license number, the fishermen register etc. is at good point. The use of efficient techniques for legal fishery are well known. The area surrounding the Shkodra lake has a tradition in fishery, so all the marketing problems are not very difficult. The infrastructure built by the Fishery Development Project (financed by the World Bank) is being used for the FMO toward the community needs. Weakness: Some members are not yet aware of the role of their contribution toward the strengthening of infrastructure of FMO. The level of income is relatively low, especially taking into account the difficulties that this profession presents. Despite the improvements, it is still very problematic the abusive fishery of carp, bleak and twaite shad, in the lake and the free movement of migratory fish in river Buna. The coordination between the FMO staff and the DFP fishery inspectorate on management purpose is not yet at optimum levels. There is not a clear distinction between abusive and sport fishery, which brings premises for irrational fishery. Opportunities: The support of FMO from MoEFWA is increasing toward the FMO authority establishment, for the licenses issues and measures and the protection of lake from illegal fishery. The 5-year FDP project investments and new MIELSH project will help in establishing and implementing the business and management plans, the strengthening of FMO and transboundary cooperation for future strategies. The FMO guards and their job, and their safeguarding of the fishing areas, will positively affect the production trend. The promotion of the fish market from the lake Shkodra FMO will improve the value and the FMO role in the local market. Threats: The lack of proper support for the strictly protected areas protection and cooperation with the Environment Inspectors, Rangers and the police forces. The lack of joint inspection activities from both countries for the free movement and protection of migratory fish in river Buna. 5.2 National and sector issues From the analysis of the FMO problems from the consultant the main issues were: Increase of the MCS efficiency as basis for the sustainable fishery development and as consequences the increase of the FMO members, Increase of the cooperation efficiency between two countries in implementation of Joint Commission established thanks to the MIELSh on this purpose, Improvement of the statistical service for a scientific monitoring of the fishery resources in the lake, as long as these statistics play a key role in the management policies, The cooperation with the public sector in Shkodra FMO for the coordination of thw works carried out. Financial analysis The Project for FMO expenses Regarding the financial activities of the FMO and on its model, the consultant proposed that BP should be extended for a 5-year plan and was designed in close collaboration with the FMO staff and the following considerations: Most of the FMO members are aware that strengthening the FMO will solve some of the problems regarding their activity, The contribution from the FMO members is regularly collected and there is awareness from the manager and the executive staff to use these funds in the proper way, The AC is properly functioning and creates premises for the increase of efficiency and proper coordination of the landing sites. The impact of the illegal fishery has now a decreasing trend due to this collaboration in all areas of the lake, The project is contributing positively in the strengthening of the FMO role and the coordination of the tasks between the lake community and the river Buna, In conformity with the opinion of the fishermen, the consultant reached the conclusion that in the next 5 or 6 years the production will reach twice the production of 2008, resulting in the same increase in the FMO members, Development of infrastructure for the fish marketing (auto-refrigerator, ice production etc.) will increase the value of the product. It will be necessary that in the future the FMO Shkodr has the right to sell the fishery products to the wholesale and retailers, due to the fact that FMO is the only body entitled to exploit and manage the fishery resources in lake Shkodra and the lakes of hydropower centers in Vau i Dejs and Koman.. This will directly affect in the decrease of illegal fishery, abusive fishery and the increase of income for the FMO members. The BP is based on the actual activities carried out by the FMO, the efficient use of the income and the future planning of activities. There are some equipments needed from the Shkodra FMO which will be necessary for the improvement and further development of the FMO explained below: In the general data regarding the business plan, in the item income from fish marketing and services, 80 % of the value is dedicated to the auto-refrigerator destined for the collection and marketing of the fish. It should be emphasized that the distance from the FMO center to the fishermen in the northeastern part of the lake, can be more then 60 km. During the season of spring, summer and autumn, it is impossible to have a proper marketing and collection of the fish without the availability of the auto-refrigerator. Furthermore it is needed also to maintain the hygienic conditions that the fish should be transported with auto-refrigerator. This auto-refrigerator will enable the transport of the fish product in +4 to +6 degree Celsius. As a result the FMO will be the main center for supplying the north-eastern part of Albania with freshwater fish products. In the expenses of the plan business for the auto-refrigerator there are foreseen some expenses such as driver salary, fuel cost, maintenance and taking into account that is driver responsible for the good conditions of the vehicle. The boat with the 2 outboards will be used by the FMO for the protection of the spawning, migration and shelter grounds of the fish both in lake Shkodra and river Buna, in cooperation with other competent national and international authorities. The small outboards (4-5 Hp) will be delivered to the fishermen groups operating in the lake (mainly the northeastern part), as well as the fishing nets depending also from the economic conditions of the fishermen. The added value from the increase of the production and the concentration of the market will result in better incomes for the fishermen. This BP evaluates also the maintenance issues, current expenses, meetings etc. This PB reflects especially the work carried out during the two previous years, the inventory of equipment they have, fishing gears, maintenance problems and their solutions. The advantages from the value of the catches, income from lending the facilities, warehouses etc. has been calculated. General Data from the business plan (in thousand ALL) IncomeNumber2009Number2010Number2015From member contribution (actually 6.800 Lek/boat)190130019023001901900Service feesIncome from fish--10 mt50050 t5.000Services-----500Lending-215-220-300Total151520207070 ExpensesNumber2009Number2010Number2015Fixed ExpensesFMO Manager124012401360Facilities guard112011201150Cleaner110011001100Lake guard3720372061500Driver--12402500Warehouse keeper--11201240Seller--11201240Total of fixed expenses-118016603090Other ExpensesWater/Electricity150150300Fuel150150500Telephone--100Transport--500Miscellaneous*--400Maintenance--600Total of Other Expenses3003002400Variable ExpensesTravel3550200Conferences-1080Miscellaneous--20Hired Shop--200Member Fund**--1710Total of Variable Expenses35602210Total151520107070* Including expenses for semi-artificial reproduction ** Used for insurance, calamities, rewards and investments in the FMO Income from the collection and selling of the fish (in metric tons Year201020112012201320142015Collected Quantity102030404550Profit50 Lek/kg50 Lek/kg60 Lek/kg70 Lek/kg90 Lek/kg100 Lek/kg Species that will be collected Carp 60 %; Mullet 10 %; Twaite shad 10 %; Crucian carp 20 % Contribution from the FMO members Year201020112012201320142015Contribution6800 Lek / year7000 Lek / year7500 Lek / year8000 Lek / year9000 Lek / year10000 Lek / yearNr of members*400410415420420420* The lake Shkodr FMO will include fishermen from lakes Vau i Dejs, Koman and river Drin, Bun and Reservoirs. Variable expenses (Other Expenses) Year201020112012201320142015Quantity (in thousand ALL)-100200300400400 Prediction of fish production for Shkodra lake (expressed in mt) SpeciesYear 2008Year 2010Year 2015Carp14.72040Crucian carp35.24040Bleak20.72660Eel101020Mullet152040Twaite shad12.43070Sea bass1.622Roach59.46070Rudd2.83.55Grass carp-0.51Big head carp0.311Amur Bream0.211European Perch16.72026European Chub5.964Others-1020Total194.9250400 Expenses that cannot be covered by the FMO for the year 2010 - 2011 Type of expenses Quantity Payment of guards for the spawning 4 areas X 4 guards X 300 US$ = 7200 US$ Areas (carp, twaite shad) (1.5 month) Payment of guards for the spawning 4 areas X 4 guards X 300 US$ = 7200 US$ Areas (bleak), Shirok, Zogaj (1.5 month) Maintenance of the carp spawning places 7500 US$ Repair of the bleak pontoon 15.000 US$ Fingerling purchase on restocking purposes 11.000 US$ Total 37.900 US$ The request lake Shkodra has for fingerlings restocking* Species Year 2010 Year 2015 Carp fingerlings 70.000 ind. 100.000 ind. Big head carp fingerlings 20.000 ind. 50.000 ind. Grass carp fingerlings 10.000 ind. 50.000 ind. These repopulation is necessary to protect the lake Shkodra ecosystem from the heavy vegetation especially in the eastern and south-eastern area and from the urban pollution that leads to these algal blooms. The requests and needs of the FMO. In order to prepare a practical and applicable business plan, a consultation process was undertaken with the FMO to listen to their voices, to see what they consider important to be included in the business plan. Conclusively their requests and proposals can be summarized as follows: The mechanism for allocation of fishing licenses must ensure that it will benefit local fisherman, who may have no other economic alternative besides fishing, aquaculture may be supported as an alternative of economic income taking into consideration to avoid introduction of exotic species, There is s great need for equipments to enhance their management capacity There is s need for saplings to try to populate the ever decreasing commercial fish species Fish marketing must be an exclusive right of the FMO, from catch to final consumer. There is an urgent need for the protection of the spawning areas. The protection of the existing natural spawning grounds should include two phases: First Phase: Cleaning of spawning areas For carp in a time frame of 30 days from April 15 to March 15 and construction of places where carp spawns. This includes 5 areas and at least 5 people per area are needed to work during 30 days. For herring in a period of 30 days, leveling of spawning areas. This includes 4 spawning areas, in Zogaj, Hani Hotit, Shiroke and Grizhe. Second Phase: Protection of the spawning areas: 15 April-15 May the fishermen should be organized in three shifts for the protection of 4 spawning areas with 4 fishermen per shift There is an urgent need for new regulations on fishery Fish resources are a common property of the fishermen communities in Albania and Montenegro and new common regulations should be a fundamental basis for the transboundary cooperation between both FMOs, in Albania and Montenegro. Application of EU Common Fishery Policy would be the best policy. The Fish Law of 1995 should be improved and freshwater fishery should be treated at length in the new fish regulations. There is a need to stop the environmental impacts of illegal and unregulated fishing. In consultations with the FMO it is clearly understood that the illegal fishing methods have proved very destructive. Fish catches have decreased considerably due to the use of dynamites few years ago and small, electricity, small size nets and use of surrounding (Koca). These fishing methods have had a very bad impact on the fish populations increase. Most of these illegal fishing methods are exercised in the spawning areas and spawning periods (koca) which have a really destructive impact on the females, while the electricity fishing kills any kind of species but in particular the eggs, larvae e small fish. In order to stop this illegal destructive activity to the sustainable development of the fisheries, some other economic alternatives for the illegal fishermen should be considered. The following alternatives can be sees as most appropriate: Involvement in the tourism related activities such as canoeing, tourist motorboats, bars and restaurants, tourist guides etc. aquaculture activities, because the fish resources seem to have declined considerably handicraft activities such as willow products There is an urgent need to promote higher awareness of Fishing in Lake Skadar/Shkodra as a transboundary concept. This can be achieved through effective joint programs of cooperation between Albanian and Montenegrin FMOs. Most effective would be a joint management plan or strategy which would be obligatory for all fishermen on both sides of the lake. Part of this plan or strategy should be awareness campaigns to raise the public awareness on the common benefits of the sustainable fisheries and the common disadvantages in case of continuity in unsustainable fisheries. Contribution to the FMO from LSIEMP. Apart from the important contribution of the FMO to the development of fishery, the consultant and the FMO staff underline the essential role that the project MIELSH plays. The support of the project should be focused on the strengthening of the fishing community for the sustainable development of the sector. The main requests for support include: equipments for the FMO to enhance their management capacity equipments to protect the spawning areas and to decrease the impact of illegal fishery, fishing gears Marketing of fish capture from the FMO concentrating gradually all the activities of fish market. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Lately by Decision of MoeFWA, the FMO will include the fishermen operating in the lake of Vaut t Dejs, Komanit, river Buna and Drin.     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!)!*!%%'''(gd $a$gd $h^ha$gdm $ & F/a$gdw6 $a$gd $ & Fa$gdi'= $h^ha$gd h  ! !(!)!*!Q!S!,".":#;#A#B#%ʵʦsaaL>h \CJOJQJ^JaJ)jh&#hU;0JCJOJQJUaJ#h&#hU;CJH*OJQJ^JaJ#hmhm5CJOJQJ^JaJhU;5CJOJQJ^JaJ#hmhU;5CJOJQJ^JaJhw65CJOJQJ^JaJ(h&#hU;CJOJQJ^JaJmHsH h&#hU;CJOJQJ^JaJ&hi'=hMe56CJOJQJ^JaJ hU;56CJOJQJ^JaJ%%%''''*@*A*B*o+p+q++++2ȸ~l[I~7#h7yh7y5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h7yhU;5CJOJQJ^JaJ h&#h7yCJOJQJ^JaJ#hih7y5CJOJQJ^JaJhU;5CJOJQJ^JaJ#hihU;5CJOJQJ^JaJ h&#hU;CJOJQJ^JaJhUXZOJQJhwhUXZ5CJOJQJaJh:?OJQJ&h:hC56CJOJQJ^JaJhb3CJOJQJ^JaJhU;CJOJQJ^JaJ(( )k))**A*B*p+q+++,2222 $h^ha$gd $ & Fa$gd $a$gd $a$gd $h^ha$gd7y $ & F/a$gdgd $ & F"a$gd $ & F"a$gde22222 77777778<8D8T8c8q8z8:9N9={i[I8i8i8i8I8 h&#hhE^CJOJQJ^JaJ#h}hhE^5CJOJQJ^JaJh}CJOJQJ^JaJ#h&#hhE^5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h&#h}5CJOJQJ^JaJ h}h}CJOJQJ^JaJ h}hU;CJOJQJ^JaJ h}hCJOJQJ^JaJ h&#hCJOJQJ^JaJh5CJOJQJ^JaJ#hrh5CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ244#66 77777<8F8T8e8q8z88$"^`"a$gdhE^ $a$gdhE^ $a$gdhE^ $ & Fa$gdhE^ $^a$gd} $ & Fa$gd} $ & Fa$gd $a$gd899:9N9O:;<\<====V>>@@@@ '` bjbj$$ cFF͖,  666$Z{{{P{|,Zf*"πππ)))))))$,h|.x *6ˀπ * *286))&C6 @⼎R{6*0f*0.E..6π \=Pπππ * *Kdπππf*ZZZszZZZzZZZ REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FORESTRY AND WATER ADMINISTRATION & GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY (GEF) Project: LAKE SHKODRA INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT (MIELSH) BUSINESS PLAN For: Fishery Management Organization SHKODR Prepared by Eqerem Kapidani Consultant March 16, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 Introduction info 4 Fishing in lake Shkodra-brief history 4 Fish Species 4 History of fish catches in Lake Shkodra 4 History of the number of fishermen in Lake Shkodra 5 BP issues 5 Establishment of Shkodra FMO 6 The FMO business management plan and reporting 7 Some principles regarding Shkodra FMO 7 MISSION STATEMENT AND FMO OBJECTIVES 8 ACTUAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 8 The FMO Administrative Council 8 FMO members (staff) 8 BUSINESS ACTIONS 9 4.1.1 FMO member contribution 9 4.1.2 AC duties 10 4.1.3 The FMO Executive Staff 11 4.1.4 Service fees 11 4.1.5 Contribution to the FMO from the rehabilitation costs of the MIELSH project. 11 4.2 The network of fishing areas, management obligations 11 4.3 Duties for the fishery management 12 4.4 Development topics 12 ANALYSIS AND THE CURRENT BUSINESS STATUS 13 5.1 SWOT analysis on the FMO concept 13 5.2 National and sector issues 14 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 15 THE REQUESTS AND NEEDS OF THE FMO. 19 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS GA General Assembly DFP Directorate of Fishery Policies FAO UN Food and Agriculture Organization GEF Global Environment Facility IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature AC Administrative Council MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance MIELSH Lake Shkodra Integrated Ecosystem Management MoEFWA Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Water Administration OMP Fishery Management Organization PB Business Plan FDP Fishery Development Project INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduction info Fishing in lake Shkodra-brief history Fishing activities before 1990 were organized by the state. Fishing activities involved the whole cycle, the fishing, the processing, the conservation and marketing. The state was the manager and the controller of these activities which were determined through the Five Year Plans of Fishing. At the beginning of each year the Ministry determined: ( a) Total amount of fish, (b) Means and equipments for fishing, (c) Total amount of saplings for the sector of aquaculture, (d) The price for every fish species, (e) Marketing places and the quantity for each of them, ( f) Number of employees and fishermen in this sector. The fishery Enterprise in Lake Shkoder/Skadar had 120 fishermen. Young fishermen attended a course of qualification for around 9 months. The enterprise had two motorboats with 80 HP motors and 50 wooden boats which differed in size. Each boat had 3-4 fishermen. Fishing was mainly done through the use of fixed nets. Payment of the fishermen was based on the quality and quantity of fish caught by every brigade and the prices determined by the Ministry. Fish Prices of fish species were determined by the Ministry. Fish marketing was conducted by the state by first collecting it in the central store and then distributing it to the marketing shops on the basis of a plan approved by the Ministry. Fish Species ClassificationNr of speciesEconomically importantExtinction riskThreatenedInvasiveAutochthonous fish315-6-Migratory fish15422-Exotic fish147--1Total6016281Table 1. Fish species present in Lake Shkodra (from Rakaj. N., 1994 ichthyic fauna). History of fish catches in Lake Shkodra The historical trend of annual mean fish production from Lake Shkodra, Albania (expressed in metric ton - from the Fishery Research Institute Statistics unpublished) YearsTotalAutochthonous fishMigratory fishExotic fish1961-1965615410215-1965-1970643441202-1971-1975800667133-1976-198086375598101981-19906203101301801991-20045903157020520055203307511520081951033953 History of the number of fishermen in Lake Shkodra The number of fishermen in lake Shkodra, Albania(from FRI statistics and FMO communication) YearsIntervalMedianBefore 1990110-1401302000-2004300-5403502008400 BP issues From the concerns raised by professional fishermen and FMO members some measures were identified for the improvement of the situation The possibilities for the increase in fishery production and to diminish the illegal fishery and the environmental pollution impact; The focus of this BP was the strengthening of economic and administrative capacities of the FMO, because this is the first step that will assure a more rational and efficient way for the management of fishing resources; In settings the objectives there were taken into account also the possibilities that the project can give an initial help for the FMO support, in strengthening its role and efficiency not only for the Administrative Council but as well extended to its members; In preparing the BP draft, the FMO operational plans were consulted, but it has to be stated that the establishment and implementation of a new fishery management plan is needed due to the new situation of the fishery resources and of the increased pressure that the community near the lake is exerting into the fishery resources; Another issue taken into consideration while preparing the BP is the exploration of possibilities for the restoration of fishery stock which subsequently will lead to the increase of catches and fishermen income. The business plan is based on a 5-year period and beginning the consolidation of the activities of the FMO starting from 2010. To properly address all the issues this BP should be accompanied by a Management plan. The main topics this BP contains are: Output from the communication with different stakeholders, for their problems and their point of view on possible solutions FMO actual status, organization, functioning, problems and its present agenda FMO organization structure Actual status of the FMO business; Analysis on the FMO facilities, actual problems and obligations FMO income predictions The support that the MIELSH can give to the FMO for the most essential needs of the FMO in order to begin implementing this business plan. Establishment of Shkodra FMO Shkodr FMO was established on March 23rd 2003, according to Law nr. 8870 On some Additions and Amendments on Law nr. 7908 of 5.5.1995 On Fishery and Aquaculture (for more information see Box 1). The Minister approved the legal status of this FMO on May 21st 2003. By the establishment act the assembly list was also approved with its center in Shiroka and three landing sites (Shirok, Zogaj, Koplik) and covering all the fishing activity in Zogaj, Shirok, Rrethina, Vrak, Valc, Koplik, Strbeq, Jubic, Kamic dhe Shegan. In the Albanian side of the lake the only fishing structure apart from this organization is the one using the fish weir in the lake. This organization is registered at the local legal office. FMO are non-profit private independent legal organizations and all the income is used fro the functioning of the organizations and the fulfillment of its objectives. The FMO plays an active role in the lake management, also due to the fact that the fishing licenses are issued only to the FMO members. The FMO cooperates with the DFP and the MoEFWA, and its main structures are Administrative Council and the General Assembly. Law 8870 is the law frame that regulates the FMO activity. Based on this law, the main FMO bodies are the Administrative Council and the general assembly. The main functions of this FMO are: (i) the management of the fishing port or landing site, and (ii) the co-management of the fishing resources it uses. The FMO includes mainly the boat or vessel owners, but it allows the involvement of other persons that are fishermen (not-owners) or that deal with auxiliary activities of fishery. Lake Shkodra FMO objectives The Shkodr FMO has as its main objective, the fulfillment of the following duties: Promoting the use of methods that ensure an continuous development of fishery in compliance with fishery legislation, using the proper technology for the capture and growth of fishery, Promoting the quality and biological diversity of the ichthyic fauna and avoiding over-exploitation, Ensure the member participation in the co-management of fishery resources, Protect the member interest during their fishing activity, Ensure to the members the necessary services and conditions for a normal exercise of the fishing activity. The FMO business management plan and reporting Based on the legislation in force and on the model FMO status (standard model, Article 12(b), 15, 20, 4(b), 26 and 27(b)), the Shkodr FMO prepares an annual report where the main activities are reported related to the business and their performance. The BP should have the prior approval of the FMO. Some principles regarding Shkodra FMO In the statute of Shkodra FMO two main principles are stated. It is responsible for (i) responsible for the maintenance of landing sites and for the fish collection ensuring the necessary investments for the fishermen community and to have a legal status in their activity, and (ii) the FMO participation of fishery resources in cooperation with the DFP. The support of the plans of the fishery development and their implementation is done according to the sectors. The fishermen community must pay their duties and perform certain actions depending on the area they work, implement the status and FMO regulations, and the maintenance of the FMO equipments. Each FMO member plays an active role for the decision taken and the Assembly approves the annual budget and analyses the carried expenses and services and the costs that each member has. The assembly elects the chairman, deputy Chairman and the members of the Administrative Council, which is responsible for the daily FMO activity. The Administrative Council subsequently appoints a Manager and other staff to carry the activities proposed by the general Assembly. They also propose the interrelations with the local and national bodies for the lake (ecosystem) issues, in order to help in the co-management and implementation of management plans in national and transboundary level. The FMO is based in the principle of non-profit organization and as such all the profit will be allocated in the FMO, and controlled by the members, for the running costs, and the service fees. Each member has the right to participate in the meeting and to vote in the General Assembly that approves the annual budget and the activities that will be carried out in the fishery areas and the decisions carried out for the services and their costs. MISSION STATEMENT AND FMO OBJECTIVES The rearrangement of the fishing areas the increase of the catches landed in the landing sites and their marketing and the protection of the FMO members interest were the priorities in the consultant assignment. Some field trips were done in order to assess the needs the FMO administrative staff and members have and issues that require an long term solution in the business plan and that con be combined with the FMO main objectives, which can be summarized as the following: The general improvement of the lake fishing and spawning areas management, Increasing the fishery guard services, operational facilities for the strictly protection of the spawning areas for (i) carp in Fush-Bun, Dobra-Pyll, Kamic, Grizh, Shegan with delimited areas of 1-1.5 km, (ii) for bleak Tre-Manat, Zall-Bardh, Rrjoll, and (iii) for twaite sh