AMAP Assessment 2006: Acidifying Pollutants, Arctic Haze and Acidification in the Arctic

Publisher: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Publication date: 2006 , Published in series: AMAP Assessments

AMAP 2006 scientific assessment

See the AMAP Assessment 2006: Acidifying Pollutants, Arctic Haze and Acidification in the Arctic web-site for full details.

A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995 A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995, showing changes from east to west in (a) total Al (nitric acid) and exchangeable Al concentrations in the O-horizon; (b) [..]
Acidity of snow cover across the Russian Arctic, 2001–2004 Acidity of snow cover across the Russian Arctic, 2001–2004
Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils (x-axis) vs. their total concentrations (aqua regia extractable) in the C-horizon of soils and in moss in 1995
Annual and seasonal variations in average background levels of sulfate sulfur and total nitrogen in precipitation across the Atlantic Annual and seasonal variations in average background levels of sulfate sulfur and total nitrogen in precipitation across the Atlantic, Siberian, and Pacific sectors of the Russian Arctic
Annual and seasonal variations in sulfate sulfur concentrations Annual and seasonal variations in sulfate sulfur concentrations in an industrial area (Norilsk) and a background area (Turukhansk) of the Siberian sector of the Russian Arctic
Annual average sulfate sulfur concentrations and pH in precipitation within the Russian Arctic Annual average sulfate sulfur concentrations and pH in precipitation within the Russian Arctic at a heavily impacted site (Murmansk) and a background site (Padun) since 1991, and the correlation [..]
Atmospheric sulphur cycle Atmospheric sulphur cycle
Black carbon potential source contributions Black carbon potential source contributions from continents as a function of transport time to the Arctic, for the subset that also reaches a minimum arctic altitude below 1000 m, for winter and [..]
Critical loads of acidity for soils Critical loads of acidity for terrestrial ecosystems in northern Europe and Canada north of 60 degrees N.
Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction) Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction), exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Al concentrations and the exchangeable Al:(Ca+Mg+K+Na) ratio in the O-horizon in the ‘no visual damage’ [..]
Data for Lake Otervatn in eastern Finnmark, showing alkalinity and brown trout catch per unit effort Data for Lake Otervatn in eastern Finnmark, showing (a) alkalinity (μeq/L) and (b) brown trout catch per unit effort (CPUE, expressed in number of fish caught per 100 m2 of gill net area) since 1986, [..]
Diatom-inferred Holocene pH histories of lakes in arctic Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula Diatom-inferred Holocene pH histories of lakes in arctic Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula. Toskaljavri (a) is redrawn from Seppä et al. (2002), Tsuolbmajavri (b) from Seppä and Weckström (1999), [..]
Diatom-inferred recent pH-histories of 14 lakes and ponds in northern Fennoscandia Diatom-inferred recent pH-histories of 14 lakes and ponds in northern Fennoscandia. Note the different scales for age and pH. Figures A-C are from Korhola et al. (1999), D-E from Erola (1999), F-G [..]
Estimated emissions of SOx-S and NOx-N in 2000 Estimated emissions of SOx-S and NOx-N in 2000
Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios: 1990 emissions, the CLE scenario for 2010 (CLE, 2010), and the MFR scenario for 2020 (MFR, 2020).
Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for surface waters in northern Europe for three scenarios Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for surface waters in northern Europe for three scenarios: 1990 emissions, Current Legislation for 2010 (CLE 2010), Maximum technically Feasible [..]
Frequency and variation in the direction of air masses Frequency and variation in the direction of air masses arriving at Oulanka and Zeppelin over 4-year periods during the 1990s
Frequency distribution for monthly pH values in precipitation within the Russian Arctic for the Atlantic Frequency distribution for monthly pH values in precipitation within the Russian Arctic for the Atlantic, Siberian, and Pacific sectors for 1990 to 2004
Impact of soot deposited onto snow and ice surfaces in the Arctic Impact of soot deposited onto snow and ice surfaces in the Arctic. Polar ice reflects light from the sun back to space (a). As the ice begins to melt, less light is reflected and more is absorbed by [..]
Length distributions of minnows caught by electrofishing in the Joulujärvi area Length distributions of minnows caught by electrofishing in the Joulujärvi area (sites 6 and 7), and in the Äälisjärvi area (sites 16 and 20) in 1993 and 2000
Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project
Locations of background monitoring stations for air and precipitation chemistry Locations of background monitoring stations for air and precipitation chemistry, and arctic haze and the Russian precipitation chemistry stations
Mean arctic age of air in the lowest 100 m of the atmosphere (summer) Mean arctic age of air in the lowest 100 m of the atmosphere in July (summer)
Mean arctic age of air in the lowest 100 m of the atmosphere (winter) Mean arctic age of air in the lowest 100 m of the atmosphere in January (winter)
Mean concentration and exposure to nitrogen compounds at Zeppelin Mean concentration and exposure to nitrogen compounds at Zeppelin in relation to the direction of air masses arriving at the station in the 1990s
Mean exposure to sulfur dioxide at Oulanka and Zeppelin Mean exposure to sulfur dioxide at Oulanka and Zeppelin in relation to the direction of air masses arriving at the stations in the 1990s
Mean surface air concentrations of sulfur oxides Mean surface air concentrations of sulfur oxides (i.e., sulfur dioxide plus sulfate) and nitrate in 2000
Median values for a selection of key chemical variables Median values for a selection of key chemical variables including the calculated critical load of acidity CLAc and exceedance
Monthly averaged aerosol optical depth anomalies at Barrow for March and April Monthly averaged aerosol optical depth anomalies at Barrow (Alaska) for March and April. The anomalies are relative to a base of non-volcanic years. Data from 1992 and 1993 were removed due to [..]
Monthly averaged light scattering and absorption at 550 nm by <10 μm aerosol at Barrow and black carbon concentrations at Alert Monthly averaged light scattering and absorption at 550 nm by <10 μm aerosol at Barrow (Alaska) and black carbon concentrations at Alert (Canada)
Monthly averaged sulfate concentrations for March and April at eight arctic monitoring sites Monthly averaged sulfate concentrations for March and April at eight arctic monitoring sites and Sen’s slope estimates for the long term (approximately 1980 through the available data) and short term [..]
NAO index for the period 1979 to 2002 NAO index for the period 1979 to 2002
Presence of the acidsensitive cladoceran Daphnia longiremis in Lake Dalvatn Presence of the acidsensitive cladoceran Daphnia longiremis in Lake Dalvatn (Varanger Peninsula, Norway)
Projected SOx-S emissions in 2020 for the CLE and MFR emissions scenarios Projected SOx-S emissions in 2020 for the CLE and MFR emissions scenarios
Projected total emissions of SOx-S and NOx-N between 1990 and 2020 Projected total emissions of SOx-S and NOx-N between 1990 and 2020
Scatterplots comparing measured and modeled annual average concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium Scatterplots comparing measured and modeled annual average concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium at arctic monitoring stations for 1991 to 2000. Labels on graphs refer to [..]
Shipping routes, oil and gas regions, and fishing grounds in the Arctic Shipping routes, oil and gas regions, and fishing grounds in the Arctic
SO2 concentration at the Svanvik monitoring station Annual SO2 concentration in air at ground level at the Svanvik monitoring station and SO2 emissions from the non-ferrous metal smelters at Nikel
Sulfur dioxide emissions from metallurgical industry sources Sulfur dioxide emissions from metallurgical industry sources and major coal-fired power plants in Russia (there are no significant point sources north of 60º N in other Arctic countries; pale coloured [..]
Sulphur dioxide concentrations in air and emissions from the smelter at Nikel Annual SO2 concentrations in air at ground level at the Svanvik monitoring station, and SO2 emissions from the non-ferrous metal smelters at Nikel
Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003 Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003. (a) streamwater flow and pH, (b) non-marine concentrations of sulfate and base cations, and (c) chloride and non-marine [..]
The Kola Ecoregion survey area and major industrial centers The Kola Ecoregion survey area and major industrial centers
Time series of measured and modeled monthly concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and nitrate at Janiskoski Time series of measured and modeled monthly concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and nitrate at Janiskoski, Russia
Time series of measured and modeled monthly concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and nitrate at Tustervann , Norway Time series of measured and modeled monthly concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and nitrate at Tustervann , Norway
Time series of measured and modeled monthly concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and nitrate at Zeppelin Time series of measured and modeled monthly concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and nitrate at Zeppelin, Spitsbergen
Time series of monthly averaged particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations at Alert and Barrow Time series of monthly averaged particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations at Alert (Canada) and Barrow (Alaska)
Time series of monthly averaged particulate sulfate concentrations at eight arctic monitoring sites Time series of monthly averaged particulate sulfate concentrations at eight arctic monitoring sites
Total deposition of sulfur oxides Total deposition of sulfur oxides (i.e., sulfur dioxide plus sulfate) and nitrate in 2000
Total mean concentrations and total depositions of sulfur oxides, reduced nitrogen and airborne oxidized nitrogen Total mean concentrations and total depositions of sulfur oxides, reduced nitrogen (NHX) and airborne oxidized nitrogen (NOy) for the area north of Arctic Circle for six emissions scenarios
Total mean concentrations and total depositions of sulfur oxides, reduced nitrogen and airborne oxidized nitrogen Total mean concentrations and total depositions of sulfur oxides, reduced nitrogen (NHX) and airborne oxidized nitrogen (NOy) for the area north of Arctic Circle for six emissions scenarios
Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995 Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995 (C–D on Figure 5.2), showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon; (b) ammonium acetate extractable (pH 4.5) base [..]
Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995 Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995, showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon; (b) ammonium acetate extractable (pH 4.5) base cation concentrations [..]
Transect west–east across the survey area and through the industrial zone centered on Monchegorsk and Apatity in 1995 Transect west–east across the survey area and through the industrial zone centered on Monchegorsk and Apatity in 1995, showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon of podzol soils; (b) [..]
Transect west–east across the survey area and through the industrial zone centered on Nikel and Zapolyarnyy in 1995 Transect west–east across the survey area and through the industrial zone centered on Nikel and Zapolyarnyy in 1995, showing (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon of podzol soils; (b) [..]
Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 and from 2000 to 2001 Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 (Kola Ecogeochemistry Project) and from 2000 to 2001 (Barents Ecogeochemistry Project)
Trends in non-marine sulfate, alkalinity, non-marine base cations, and pH Trends in non-marine sulfate, alkalinity, non-marine base cations, and pH for lakes on the Kola Peninsula
Trends in non-marine sulfate, non-marine base cations, alkalinity, acid neutralizing capacity, and pH Trends in non-marine sulfate, non-marine base cations (Ca+Mg), alkalinity, acid neutralizing capacity, and pH across the Euro-Arctic Barents region for 1990 to 2004. Large circles denote the three [..]
Trends in non-marine sulfate, non-marine base cations, alkalinity, acid neutralizing capacity, pH, and labile aluminum Trends in non-marine sulfate, non-marine base cations, alkalinity, acid neutralizing capacity, pH, and labile aluminum for lakes in the three sub-regions
Trends in NOx and SO2 concentrations Trends in NOx and SO2 concentrations in air in various cities in the Russian Arctic
Trends in summer and winter nitrate concentrations in air within the Arctic Trends in summer and winter nitrate concentrations in air within the Arctic
Trends in summer and winter total sulfate concentrations in air within the Arctic Trends in summer and winter total sulfate concentrations in air within the Arctic
Trends in weighted summer and winter nitrate concentrations in precipitation within the Arctic Trends in weighted summer and winter nitrate concentrations in precipitation within the Arctic
Trends in weighted summer and winter sulfate concentrations in precipitation within the Arctic Trends in weighted summer and winter sulfate concentrations in precipitation within the Arctic
Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch leaves and (b) Scots pine needles at Svanvik Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch (Betula pubescens) leaves and (b) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles at Svanvik, Norway, approximately 10 km northwest of Nikel