Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition

Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition
Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios: 1990 emissions, the CLE scenario for 2010 (CLE, 2010), and the MFR scenario for 2020 (MFR, 2020).
Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios

Total deposition of sulfur oxides

Total deposition of sulfur oxides (i.e., sulfur dioxide plus sulfate) and nitrate in 2000
Total deposition of sulfur oxides

Spatial trends in the net flux from reindeer meat in different Arctic areas, for the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2

Spatial trends in the net flux from reindeer meat in different Arctic areas, for the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2
Spatial trends in the net flux from reindeer meat in different Arctic areas, for the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2

Comparison of the predicted flux of 137Cs in milk and reindeer meat in different Arctic areas, for the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2

Comparison of the predicted flux of 137Cs in milk and reindeer meat in different Arctic areas, for the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2
Comparison of the predicted flux of 137Cs in milk and reindeer meat in different Arctic areas, for the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2

Relative 137Cs output in foodstuffs from the different Arctic Norwegian counties in the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2

Relative 137Cs output in foodstuffs from the different Arctic Norwegian counties in the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2
Relative 137Cs output in foodstuffs from the different Arctic Norwegian counties in the first year after an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2

The comparative importance of different foodstuffs as sources of 137Cs for the three Arctic Norwegian counties over the 1-year and 50-year period following an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2

The comparative importance of different foodstuffs as sources of 137Cs for the three Arctic Norwegian counties over the 1-year and 50-year period following an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2
The comparative importance of different foodstuffs as sources of 137Cs for the three Arctic Norwegian counties over the 1-year and 50-year period following an assumed uniform deposition of 100 kBq/m2

(a) Critical deposition of sulfur, and (b) its exceedance, in forest soils of northern Europe and Russia (5th percentile of the calculation points in each EMEP grid cell)

(a) Critical deposition of sulfur, and (b) its exceedance, in forest soils of northern Europe and Russia (5th percentile of the calculation points in each EMEP grid cell)
(a) Critical deposition of sulfur, and (b) its exceedance, in forest soils of northern Europe and Russia (5th percentile of the calculation points in each EMEP grid cell)

(a) Critical loads of acidity expressed as sulfur (5th percentile presented for each grid) for lakes in northern Fennoscandia and surface waters on Svalbard, and (b) their exceedance (95th percentile)

(a) Critical loads of acidity expressed as sulfur (5th percentile presented for each grid) for lakes in northern Fennoscandia and surface waters on Svalbard, and (b) their exceedance (95th percentile)
(a) Critical loads of acidity expressed as sulfur (5th percentile presented for each grid) for lakes in northern Fennoscandia and surface waters on Svalbard, and (b) their exceedance (95th percentile)

Vertical distribution of Arctic haze in summer, winter, and the whole year Sulfur air concentrations and relative source-contribution (%) for different heights above the ground are shown The concentrations are averages over the Arctic area north of 70°N

Vertical distribution of Arctic haze in summer, winter, and the whole year Sulfur air concentrations and relative source-contribution (%) for different heights above the ground are shown The [..]
Vertical distribution of Arctic haze in summer, winter, and the whole year Sulfur air concentrations and relative source-contribution (%) for different heights above the ground are shown The concentrations are averages over the Arctic area north of 70°N

Development of a type 1 ozone anomaly The series of satellite images show total column ozone for a period of days spanning 6-26 January 1996

Development of a type 1 ozone anomaly The series of satellite images show total column ozone for a period of days spanning 6-26 January 1996
Development of a type 1 ozone anomaly The series of satellite images show total column ozone for a period of days spanning 6-26 January 1996

Trends in (annual average) ozone mixing ratio over Canada from 1980 to 1993

Trends in (annual average) ozone mixing ratio over Canada from 1980 to 1993
Trends in (annual average) ozone mixing ratio over Canada from 1980 to 1993

Ozone soundings at Gardermoen, southern Norway, 27 January 1992 The green line denotes the partial pressure of ozone observed during the (type 1) anomaly, when low-ozone air passed over the area

Ozone soundings at Gardermoen, southern Norway, 27 January 1992 The green line denotes the partial pressure of ozone observed during the (type 1) anomaly, when low-ozone air passed over the area
Ozone soundings at Gardermoen, southern Norway, 27 January 1992 The green line denotes the partial pressure of ozone observed during the (type 1) anomaly, when low-ozone air passed over the area

An example of a type 2 ozone anomaly, showing levels of ozone depletion relative to the long-term mean

An example of a type 2 ozone anomaly, showing levels of ozone depletion relative to the long-term mean
An example of a type 2 ozone anomaly, showing levels of ozone depletion relative to the long-term mean

Ozone soundings at Sodankylä, Finland, 23 March 1995 The green line denotes the profile of partial pressure of ozone observed during the (type 2) anomaly The red line shows the monthly mean ozone profile for March

Ozone soundings at Sodankylä, Finland, 23 March 1995 The green line denotes the profile of partial pressure of ozone observed during the (type 2) anomaly The red line shows the monthly mean ozone [..]
Ozone soundings at Sodankylä, Finland, 23 March 1995 The green line denotes the profile of partial pressure of ozone observed during the (type 2) anomaly The red line shows the monthly mean ozone profile for March



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