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(a) Critical loads of acidity expressed as sulfur (5th percentile presented for each grid) for lakes in northern Fennoscandia and surface waters on Svalbard, and (b) their exceedance (95th percentile)

(a) Critical loads of acidity expressed as sulfur (5th percentile presented for each grid) for lakes in northern Fennoscandia and surface waters on Svalbard, and (b) their exceedance (95th percentile)
(a) Critical loads of acidity expressed as sulfur (5th percentile presented for each grid) for lakes in northern Fennoscandia and surface waters on Svalbard, and (b) their exceedance (95th percentile)

Critical loads of acidity for soils

Critical loads of acidity for terrestrial ecosystems in northern Europe and Canada north of 60 degrees N.
Critical loads of acidity for soils

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios: 1990 emissions, the CLE scenario for 2010 (CLE, 2010), and the MFR scenario for 2020 (MFR, 2020).
Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for surface waters in northern Europe for three scenarios

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for surface waters in northern Europe for three scenarios: 1990 emissions, Current Legislation for 2010 (CLE 2010), Maximum technically Feasible [..]
Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for surface waters in northern Europe for three scenarios

(a) Critical deposition of sulfur, and (b) its exceedance, in forest soils of northern Europe and Russia (5th percentile of the calculation points in each EMEP grid cell)

(a) Critical deposition of sulfur, and (b) its exceedance, in forest soils of northern Europe and Russia (5th percentile of the calculation points in each EMEP grid cell)
(a) Critical deposition of sulfur, and (b) its exceedance, in forest soils of northern Europe and Russia (5th percentile of the calculation points in each EMEP grid cell)

Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula

Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula
Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula

Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition

Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition
Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition

Vegetation damage zones around Norilsk

Vegetation damage zones around Norilsk
Vegetation damage zones around Norilsk

Contaminant emissions, transport and deposition in the Arctic

An illustration of the interplay between a) contaminant emissions distribution for sulfur dioxide and b) frequency of atmospheric south-to-north transport, yielding c) a net annual input of sulfur to [..]
Contaminant emissions, transport and deposition in the Arctic

Average (15-month) and 24-h average maximum air concentrations of Ni, Cu and As measured at several stations in northern Norway near to major point sources on the Kola Peninsula

Average (15-month) and 24-h average maximum air concentrations of Ni, Cu and As measured at several stations in northern Norway near to major point sources on the Kola Peninsula
Average (15-month) and 24-h average maximum air concentrations of Ni, Cu and As measured at several stations in northern Norway near to major point sources on the Kola Peninsula

Diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver means) for phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos in lakes and streams in the Murmansk region

Diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver means) for phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos in lakes and streams in the Murmansk region
Diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver means) for phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos in lakes and streams in the Murmansk region

Approximate forest damage zones in the vicinity of Monchegorsk and Nikel and the visible-damage and non-visible-damage zones on the Kola Peninsula and Finnish Lapland The inset shows coverage (%) of lichens (Hypogymnia physodes and Parmelia olivacea) on

Approximate forest damage zones in the vicinity of Monchegorsk and Nikel and the visible-damage and non-visible-damage zones on the Kola Peninsula and Finnish Lapland The inset shows coverage (%) of [..]
Approximate forest damage zones in the vicinity of Monchegorsk and Nikel and the visible-damage and non-visible-damage zones on the Kola Peninsula and Finnish Lapland The inset shows coverage (%) of lichens (Hypogymnia physodes and Parmelia olivacea) on

SMART model results for selected soil and lake output variables at Christmas lakes for the past 90 years and for three future scenarios assuming a 0%, 70% and 95% reduction of the present sulfur deposition levels

SMART model results for selected soil and lake output variables at Christmas lakes for the past 90 years and for three future scenarios assuming a 0%, 70% and 95% reduction of the present sulfur [..]
SMART model results for selected soil and lake output variables at Christmas lakes for the past 90 years and for three future scenarios assuming a 0%, 70% and 95% reduction of the present sulfur deposition levels

MAGIC model results for the streamwater at Dalelva for the past 90 years and for three future scenarios assuming a 0%, 70%, and 95% reduction of the present sulfur deposition levels

MAGIC model results for the streamwater at Dalelva for the past 90 years and for three future scenarios assuming a 0%, 70%, and 95% reduction of the present sulfur deposition levels
MAGIC model results for the streamwater at Dalelva for the past 90 years and for three future scenarios assuming a 0%, 70%, and 95% reduction of the present sulfur deposition levels

Atmospheric sulphur cycle

Atmospheric sulphur cycle
Atmospheric sulphur cycle
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