Annual average of sulfate and base cation concentrations as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula Note: SO4 (non-seasalt) estimated for river Utsjoki from total sulfur

Annual average of sulfate and base cation concentrations as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula Note: SO4 (non-seasalt) estimated for river Utsjoki from total sulfur
Annual average of sulfate and base cation concentrations as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula Note: SO4 (non-seasalt) estimated for river Utsjoki from total sulfur

Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula

Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula
Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula

Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition

Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition
Sensitivity of Arctic ecosystems to acid deposition

Vegetation damage zones around Norilsk

Vegetation damage zones around Norilsk
Vegetation damage zones around Norilsk

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995, showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon; (b) ammonium acetate extractable (pH 4.5) base cation concentrations [..]
Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils

Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils (x-axis) vs. their total concentrations (aqua regia extractable) in the C-horizon of soils and in moss in 1995
Ammonium acetate extractable Ca and Mg in the O-horizon of soils

A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995

A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995, showing changes from east to west in (a) total Al (nitric acid) and exchangeable Al concentrations in the O-horizon; (b) [..]
A comparison of the two west–east transects across the survey area in 1995

Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 and from 2000 to 2001

Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 (Kola Ecogeochemistry Project) and from 2000 to 2001 (Barents Ecogeochemistry Project)
Transect west–east across the survey area showing exchangeable Ca in the O-horizon of podzol soils in 1995 and from 2000 to 2001

Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction)

Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction), exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Al concentrations and the exchangeable Al:(Ca+Mg+K+Na) ratio in the O-horizon in the ‘no visual damage’ [..]
Cumulative distribution functions (CDF, %) of pH (water extraction)

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995 (C–D on Figure 5.2), showing: (a) pH in a water extract of the O-horizon; (b) ammonium acetate extractable (pH 4.5) base [..]
Transect south–north across the survey area near the western boundary in 1995

Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch leaves and (b) Scots pine needles at Svanvik

Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch (Betula pubescens) leaves and (b) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles at Svanvik, Norway, approximately 10 km northwest of Nikel
Visible (acute) SO2 injuries on (a) birch leaves and (b) Scots pine needles at Svanvik

Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project

Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project
Location of the catchments included in the Barents Project

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios

Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios: 1990 emissions, the CLE scenario for 2010 (CLE, 2010), and the MFR scenario for 2020 (MFR, 2020).
Estimated exceedance of critical loads of acidity for soils for three emission/deposition scenarios

Median values for a selection of key chemical variables

Median values for a selection of key chemical variables including the calculated critical load of acidity CLAc and exceedance
Median values for a selection of key chemical variables

Trends in non-marine sulfate, non-marine base cations, alkalinity, acid neutralizing capacity, pH, and labile aluminum

Trends in non-marine sulfate, non-marine base cations, alkalinity, acid neutralizing capacity, pH, and labile aluminum for lakes in the three sub-regions
Trends in non-marine sulfate, non-marine base cations, alkalinity, acid neutralizing capacity, pH, and labile aluminum



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