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The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mentioning of company names or commercial products does not imply that any such company or product is endorsed or recommended by UNIDO. The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Secretariat of UNIDO. The information contained in this study was obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but no assurance can be given that the information is fully accurate. The document has been reproduced without formal editing. Coordinator of the project: V. Ishchenko, Cleaner Production and Environmental Sustainability Branch, Sectoral Support and Environmental Sustainability Division of UNIDO Section 1. INTRODUCTION Section 2. GEOGRAPHICAL, GEOLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CASPIAN REGION Section 3. THE INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE OF THE CASPIAN REGION Section 4. ECOLOGICAL CONCERNS Section 5. EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BODIES FOR ECOLOGY Section 6. ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND LEGISLATION Section 7. MAIN SOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION Section 8. ECONOMIC LIMITATIONS TO POLLUTION PREVENTION Section 9. REMEDIATION EFFORTS Section 10. MONITORING SYSTEMS Section 11. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS