Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Database:
ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts)

Record 1 of 64

TI: Title
A review of zooplankton investigations of the Black Sea over the last decade
AU: Author
Kideys, AE; Kovalev, AV; Shulman, G; Gordina, A; Bingel, F
AF: Author Affiliation
Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, 33731, Turkey; E-mail: kideys@ims.metu.edu.tr
SO: Source
Journal of Marine Systems [J. Mar. Syst.], vol. 24, no. 3-4, pp. 355-371, Mar 2000
IS: ISSN
0924-7963
AB: Abstract
Investigations performed in the last decade indicate that there have been important changes in the zooplankton composition and structure in the Black Sea. However, contrasting events taking place in different regions of the Black Sea indicate a non-uniform structure of its ecosystem. Several fodder zooplankton species have either disappeared from or substantially decreased in number at different sampling sites of the Black Sea over the last one or two decades. Some other species adapted to thrive in eutrophic conditions have either appeared or increased in quantity. Meanwhile the biomass of the fodder zooplankton has also fluctuated considerably through the years. However, there seems to be a reverse trend in the long-term variation of fodder zooplankton between the shallow western and deep eastern areas. Over the last few decades the abundance of fish larvae has decreased significantly when compared either to past records or with larval abundances of other seas. This was shown to be due mainly to malnutrition of larvae. One of the most striking changes in the ichthyoplankton has been the shift in the spawning areas of the main fish species, the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus from the northwestern to the southeastern Black Sea. Even the invading ctenophore Mnemiopsis were found to be starving. The condition of other species (Calanus euxinus and Pleurobrachia pileus) disclosed the fact that cyclonic regions where chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations are high, provide better nutrition than anticyclonic regions.

Record 2 of 64

TI: Title
Biomass and size structure of the scyphomedusa Aurelia aurita in the northwestern Black Sea during spring and summer
AU: Author
Weisse, T; Gomoiu, M-T
AF: Author Affiliation
Institute of Limnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Gaisberg 116, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
SO: Source
Journal of Plankton Research [J. Plankton Res.], vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 223-239, Feb 2000
IS: ISSN
0142-7873
AB: Abstract
The abundance, biomass and size structure of the scyphomedusa, Aurelia aurita, was measured during two research cruises to the northwestern Black Sea (July-August 1995 and April-May 1997). Average biomass of Aurelia was relatively constant (132-179 g wwt m super(-2)) throughout the investigation period and similar to previous years. Abundance and biomass at individual stations appeared to be unrelated to temperature and salinity when the latter exceeded similar to 13. Biomass was low at coastal stations in the plume of the Danube where depth was <20 m and salinity dropped to <11. The spring cruise (April-May) coincided with, or just followed the peak of strobilation. The summer cruise (July-August) took place near the beginning of planulae larvae release. The population size structure was dominated by small individuals in spring, while large medusae prevailed mainly in late summer. Aurelia was, on average, larger at deep water stations during summer, suggesting that per capita food supply was higher further offshore. The individual body mass increased from spring through summer. Accordingly, the volume (wet wt) to length (bell diameter) relation changed significantly. If all medusae measured throughout the seasons were pooled, volume (V, in cm super(3)) was related to length (L, in cm) according to V = 0.08 L super(2.71), which is similar to measurements conducted in other coastal areas. In contrast to the common conjecture, we did not find inverse relations between biomasses of Aurelia and the combjelly Mnemiopsis leidyi. Preliminary feeding experiments indicate that Aurelia may feed upon small Mnemiopsis. The significance of indirect trophic relations and direct feeding interactions among the gelatinous zooplankton in the Black Sea has important consequences for the energy flow along the food web and, therefore, needs further study.

Record 3 of 64

TI: Title
Dense aggregations of the Ctenophore Beroe ovata (Eschscholtz) near the North-east shore of the Black Sea
OT: Original Title
Massovoe razvitie grebnevika Beroe ovata Eschscholtz u severo-vostochnogo poberezh'ya Chernogo morya
AU: Author
Vinogradov, ME; Shushkina, EA; Anokhina, LL; Vostokov, SV; Kucheruk, NV; Lukashova, TA
AF: Author Affiliation
Institut Okeanologii im. P.P.Shirshova RAN Moskva Russia
SO: Source
Okeanologiya. Moscow [Okeanologiya], vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 52-55, 2000
IS: ISSN
0030-1574
AB: Abstract
During the autumn 1999, the dense aggregations of the Mediterranean ctenophore Beroe ovata has been recorded near the north-east shore of the Black Sea (Russia). This specialized carnivorous animal feeds on other ctenophores, including Mnemiopsis. At the end of August-the beginning of September, the biomass of Beroe in the Golubaja Bay reached 130 g/m super(2) of wet weight in average and 300 g/m super(2) in aggregations. This was resulted in the decrease of the biomass of Mnemiopsis and, consequently, in the increase of the biomass of mesozooplankton and planktophagous fishes. If the high biomass of Beroe takes place in the future, the press of Mnemiopsis will probably decline, while both the biomass of the mesoplankton and the catches of economically important planktophagous fishes will increase.

Record 4 of 64

TI: Title
Investigation of a new settler Beroe ovata in the Black Sea
OT: Original Title
Rezul'taty issledovanij novogo vselentsa Beroe ovata v Chernom more
AU: Author
Shiganova, TA; Bulgakova, YuV; Sorokin, PYu; Lukashev, YuF
AF: Author Affiliation
Institut Okeanologii im. p.P.Shirshova RAN Moscow Russia
SO: Source
Izvestiya Rossijskoj Akademii nauk. Seriya biologicheskaya/Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Biological Series. Moscow [Izv. RAN (Biol.)/Proc. Russ. Acad. Sci. (Biol.)], no. 2, pp. 248-256, 2000
IS: ISSN
0002-3329
AB: Abstract
Primary data on population, size, and distribution of a new settler (comb jelly Beroe ovata) in the Black Sea are presented. Certain aspects of its nutrition, consumed organisms, and digestion time are studied. Comb jellies Mnemiopsis leidyi and Pleurobrachia pileus are established as the nutritional targets of B. ovata. Mnemiopsis proved to be more accessible and assimilable. Preliminary data on metabolic level and threshold oxygen content in B. ovata were obtained; proportions of dry and wet weight of B. ovata were determined. Population changes of new settler Mnemiopsis and other jellylike animals in the Northeast part of the sea induced by B. ovata were analyzed. The sharp decrease was observed in population of Mnemiopsis, a species that induced degradation of the Black Sea ecosystem within the last decade.

Record 5 of 64

TI: Title
Population dynamics and energetics of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Sevastopol Bay.
OT: Original Title
Populyatsionnaya dinamika i ehnergetika grebnevika Mnemiopsis leidyi v Sevastopol'skoj bukhte
AU: Author
Finenko, GA; Romanova, ZA
AF: Author Affiliation
Institut Biologii Yuzhnykh Morej im. A.O.Kovalevskogo NAN Ukrainy Sevastopol' Ukraine
SO: Source
Okeanologiya. Moscow [Okeanologiya], vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 720-728, 2000
IS: ISSN
0030-1574
AB: Abstract
The dynamics of abundance and specific production of the ctenophore population of Mnemiopsis leidyi were studied throughout the year (January 1995-March 1996) in the Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea, Ukraine). Maximum abundance and biomass were observed in July during intensive reproduction: small Mnemiopsis (<5 mm) ranged up to 50-87% of the total population abundance. The daily specific growth rate was 0.039. Ingestion, growth and clearence rates were measured at 2 prey concentrations (Acartia clausi and Moina micrura, 60 and 100 in l super(-1) or 0.35-0.60 mg l super(-1) of dry weight) in the laboratory. Both concentrations were sufficient for the growth of ctenophores less than 20 mg dry weight, but were not sufficient for larger animals. The daily specific growth rate of Mnemiopsis less than 20 mg under favourable food conditions was 0.2-0.3. Specific production of ctenophores in the Sevastopol Bay never exceeded 0.093. It was concluded that M. leidyi was limited in the Bay.

Record 6 of 64

TI: Title
Temperature as a factor influencing the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi metabolic intensity and expansion over the Black Sea.
OT: Original Title Temperatura kak faktor intensivnosti metabolizma i massovogo razvitiya grebnevikov Mnemiopsis leidyi v Chernom more
AU: Author Anninsky, BE; Abolmasova, GI
AF: Author Affiliation
Institut Biologii Yuzhnykh Morej im. A.O.Kovalevskogo NAN Ukrainy Sevastopol' Ukraine
SO: Source
Okeanologiya. Moscow [Okeanologiya], vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 729-735, 2000
IS: ISSN
0030-1574
AB: Abstract
Three species of Black Sea gelatinous macroplankton Aurelia aurita, Pleurobrachia rhodopis and Mnemiopsis leidyi were studied to find a relationship between oxygen consumption rate and sea water temperature (Black Sea, Russia). It was found that the organisms have different tolerance for water temperature. In the scyphozoan A. aurita the metabolism proceeds most intensively at 19.3 degree C, in ctenophores P. rhodopis and M. leidyi at 20.5 and 26.1 degree C, respectively. The greatest oxygen consumption rate (R sub(1)) in the three species was 2.14 plus or minus 0.03, 1.58 plus or minus 0.01 and 1.57 plus or minus 0.01 mcl mg super(-1)h super(-1), respectively (R=R sub(1)W super(k), were W is organic body weight and power exponent k=0.84). According to their temperature tolerance A. aurita and P. rhodopis are cold water stenothermic animals, while M. leidyi is a warm water and more eurytherm species. A high metabolic rate that M. leidyi maintains in summertime in the warm surface waters of the Black Sea might have caused expansion of the ctenophore in the region.

Record 7 of 64

TI: Title
Regional and Temporal Variability in Distribution and Abundance of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) Eggs, Larvae, and Adult Biomass in the Chesapeake Bay
AU: Author
Rilling, GC; Houde, ED
AF: Author Affiliation
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, Coastal Programs Division, 1305 East-West Highway, 11th Floor, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA; E-mail: chris.rilling@noaa.gov
SO: Source
Estuaries, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1096-1109, Dec 1999
IS: ISSN
0160-8347
AB: Abstract
Patterns and variability in reproductive output of pelagic fish are seldom determined at the ecosystem scale. We examined temporal and spatial variability in spawning by bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), and in distribution and abundances of its pelagic early-life stages, throughout Chesapeake Bay. On two cruises in June and July 1993, ichthyoplankton and zooplankton were collected on 15 transects at 18.5-km (10 nautical mile) intervals over the 260-km length of the bay. Finer-scale sampling was carried out in a grid of stations between two transects on each cruise. Regional abundance patterns of bay anchovy eggs and larvae in the lower, mid, and upper Bay were compared with zooplankton abundances, environmental variables, and biovolumes of two gelatinous predators--the scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha and the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Abundances of anchovy eggs, and, especially, larvae were higher in July than in June. Baywide daily egg production increased from 4.25 x 10 super(12) in June to 8.43 x 10 super(12) in July. Concentrations of zooplankton that are potential anchovy prey nearly doubled on a baywide basis between June and July, while biovolumes of the ctenophore declined. Except for scyphomedusan biovolumes, all analyzed organisms differed regionally in abundance and were patchily distributed at 1-km to 10-km sampling scales. Negative correlations between larval anchovy abundances and gelatinous predator biovolumes suggested that predation may have controlled abundances of bay anchovy early-live stages. Biomasses of adult anchovy, estimated from daily egg productions, were higher in the lower Bay and remarkably similar--23,433 tons in June and 23,194 tons in July. Most spawning by bay anchovy occurred during July in the seaward third of Chesapeake Bay, emphasizing the importance of this region for recruitment potential of the Bay's most abundant fish.

Record 8 of 64

TI: Title
Capture mechanisms used by the lobate ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, preying on the copepod Acartia tonsa
AU: Author
Waggett, R; Costello, JH*
AF: Author Affiliation
Biology Department, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918-0001, USA
SO: Source Journal of Plankton Research [J. Plankton Res.], vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 2037-2052, Nov 1999
IS: ISSN
0142-7873
AB: Abstract
Although the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is an influential planktonic predator, the mechanisms enabling it to capture its characteristically wide range of prey have not been systematically examined. We recorded interactions between free-swimming M.leidyi and two stages (nauplii, adults) of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa in order to determine a mechanistic explanation of this feeding process. Prey encounter with Mnemiopsis involved two different processes. The first depended on fluid motions created by the nearly continuous beating of cilia lining the four auricles. These cilia created a low-velocity flow in which A.tonsa nauplii were entrained (94% of naupliar encounters) and transported past the oral lobes onto the tentillae (oral tentacles). The nauplii, although capable of rapid escape responses, generally appeared to be insensitive to the current in which they were carried. The second process relied upon the collision of swimming prey with the inner surfaces of the oral lobes and was not obviously influenced by the auricular feeding currents. Adult A.tonsa were rarely entrained in the auricular flow, but, instead, propelled themselves into contact with the oral lobes (97% of adult encounters). Both prey capture processes functioned simultaneously. The synergistic functioning of these processes probably explains the broad patterns of prey ingestion found by in situ studies of Mnemiopsis feeding.

Record 9 of 64

TI: Title
Trophodynamic model of the Black and Azov Sea pelagic ecosystem: consequences of the comb jelly, Mnemiopsis leydei, invasion
AU: Author
Berdnikov, SV; Selyutin, VV; Vasilchenko, VV; Caddy, JF
AF: Author Affiliation
Mechanics and Applied Mathematics Research Institute, Rostov State University, Stachki Pr. 200/1, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation; E-mail: selyutin@gis.rnd.runnet.ru
SO: Source
Fisheries Research (Amsterdam) [Fish. Res.], vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 261-289, Sep 1999
IS: ISSN
0165-7836
AB: Abstract
The logic, structure and preliminary results from a mathematical model of the Black and Azov Sea ecosystems are presented in response to the need for a theoretical framework to analyse recent drastic decreases in catches of anchovy. The modelling approach is distated by incomplete data for many key processes involved in the disastrous ecosystem changes that have impacted fisheries in these inland seas since the late 1980s. These not only resulted in environmental changes and negative impacts on fisheries, but also in the introduction of the exotic planktonic predator, the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leydei; however, their relative importance is unclear from the limited data available. The objectives of this first project phase are to: reconstruct the introduction of M. leydei, study different hypotheses of its trophic interaction with anchovy, and consider alternatives for rehabilitation of the commercial stocks. The model is modular, with subsystems for the Black and Azov Seas and linked flows and migrations of energy, organic matter and fish biomass, specified, as a system of difference and algebraic equations, both at the system level and the level of energy balance of individual organisms. Q1 01483 Species interactions: general; Q1 01604 Stock assessment and management; Q5 01523 Conservation, wildlife management and recreation; O 5020 Fisheries and Fishery Biology; O 1050 Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates; O 1030 Invertebrates

Record 10 of 64

TI: Title
Regional and temporal variability in growth and mortality of bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, larvae in Chesapeake Bay
AU: Author
Rilling, GC; Houde, ED
AF: Author Affiliation
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Long Island Sound Programs, 79 Elm Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06106-5127; E-mail: chris.rilling@po.state.ct.us
SO: Source
Fishery Bulletin [Fish. Bull.], vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 555-569, Jul 1999
IS: ISSN
0090-0656
AB: Abstract
Temporal and spatial variability in growth and mortality rates of bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, larvae was analyzed in Chesapeake Bay. Larvae were collected in cruises during June and July 1993, on transects spaced at 18.5-km (10 nmi) intervals over the entire bay. Growth and mortality rates were estimated in lower, mid, and upper bay regions and analyzed in relation to environmental variables, predators (biovolumes of the scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha and the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi), and larval prey (zooplankton abundances). Otolith increment analysis indicated that the mean baywide growth rate of larvae increased significantly from 0.59 mm/d in June to 0.72 mm/d in July. The baywide mortality rate of larvae declined from 0.41 (33.6%/d) in June to 0.23 (20.5%/d) in July. In each month, regional mortality rates were highest in the lower bay. Regionally, mortality ranged from a low of 0.14 (13.1%/d) in the upper bay in July to a high of 0.54 (41.7%/d) in the lower bay in June. Mortality rates declined with increasing larval size. Stage-specific survival was both size-specific and growth-rate dependent as indicated by trends in mortality (M), weight-specific growth (G), and the M/G ratio. Growth rates were positively correlated with temperature and zooplankton abundance. Larval abundances, but not mortality rates, were negatively correlated with gelatinous predator biovolumes. Recruitment potential of bay anchovy was judged to be highest in July in the lower third of Chesapeake Bay. Although lower, production of anchovy prerecruits in June and in other Bay regions was substantial and contributed significantly to prerecruit abundances in 1993.

Record 11 of 64

TI: Title
Distribution and abundance of ctenophores, and their zooplankton food in the Black Sea. 1. Pleurobrachia pileus
AU: Author
Mutlu, E; Bingel, F
AF: Author Affiliation
Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University P.O. Box 28, TR-33731, Erdemli-Icel Turkey
SO: Source
Marine biology. Berlin, Heidelberg [Mar. Biol.], vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 589-601, 1999
IS: ISSN
0025-3162
AB: Abstract
The distribution of Pleurobrachia pileus in the Black Sea was determined using plankton samples collected above the anoxic zone (maximum of 200 m) in the winter, spring, and summer of 1991 to 1995. The summer samples were collected in 1991 to 1993 (for a previous) and are included in this paper for comparative purposes. High concentrations of P. pileus were found at the northern edges of anticyclonic eddies along the southern coastal regions. The biomass and abundance of P. pileus increased from winter through spring to a peak in summer. The highest mean wet weight during a sampling period was 250 g/m super(2), while the maximum wet weight was 1429 g/m super(2). P. pileus was mostly found in a layer extending from the lower parts of the thermocline down to the anoxic zone, where the temperature was <8 degree C. The vertical distribution of P. pileus biomass had two clear maxima at night: an upper maximum at 20 to 40 m was less pronounced than the lower maximum at 90 to 120 m depth. Mean body length of P. pileus did not exceed 12 mm. Smaller individuals (9 to 10 mm length) occurred in winter. P. pileus had two length classes in early spring (March 1995) and late summer (August 1993), indicating the presence of both newly hatched and larger individuals. Overall, the stomach contents of P. pileus consisted mainly of Copepoda (90%), Cladocera (1%), Mollusca (1%), fish eggs and larvae (1%), and other taxa (7%). The preferred food of P. pileus (frequency of occurrence) was: Calanus euxinus (39%), Pseudocalanus elongatus (30%), Acartia clausi (28%), Oithona similis (2%), and Paracalanus parvus (1%). The endoparasite Hysterothylacium aduncum was commonly found in P. pileus. Abundances of Mnemiopsis leidyi and P. pileus were either negatively correlated (r = -0.5 to -0.7) or positively correlated at a low significance level (r = 0.25 to 0.3) with abundance of A. clausi in different months of the year. Aurelia aurita abundance was correlated mainly with the abundance of C. euxinus from June 1991 to March/April 1995. Over the same period the abundance of P. pileus was significantly correlated with the abundance of P. elongatus, an important prey species.

Record 12 of 64

TI: Title
Distribution and abundance of ctenophores and their zooplankton food in the Black Sea. 2. Mnemiopsis leidyi
AU: Author
Mutlu, E
AF: Author Affiliation
Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University P.O. Box 28, TR-33731, Erdemli-Icel Turkey
SO: Source
Marine biology. Berlin, Heidelberg [Mar. Biol.], vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 603-613, 1999
IS: ISSN
0025-3162
AB: Abstract
The distribution of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea was determined using plankton samples collected above the anoxic zone (maximum depth 200 m) in the summer, winter, and spring from 1991 to 1995. Distribution was patchy. Average biomasses of 15 to 500 g /m super(2) were measured, and abundances varied from 10 to 180 ind /m super(2). Biomass and abundance peaked in winter, and there was a secondary peak in the summer. The distribution of M. leidyi was correlated with hydrographic features in the Black Sea with higher concentrations in anticyclonic gyres. The centers of the two main cyclonic gyres generally had a low biomass of M. leidyi. From July 1992 to March 1995, the populations were largely offshore. M. leidyi were confined to the upper part of the mixed layer both day and night. Some individuals displayed a negative taxis to daylight and were concentrated below the thermocline at night. Smaller M. leidyi (1.5 to 2 cm) were present in the winter, and individuals reached maximum size in the summer. Although reproduction was continuous throughout the year, there were two distinct peaks: the larger peak in the summer and the smaller peak in the winter. Microscopic analysis of stomach contents showed that copepods and molluscs form their main diet.

Record 13 of 64

TI: Title
Influence of prey detection on capture success for the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding upon adult Acartia tonsa and Oithona colcarva copepods
AU: Author
Costello, JH; Loftus, R; Waggett, R
AF: Author Affiliation
Biology Dept., Providence College Providence, RI 02918-0001 USA; E-mail: costello@providence.edu
SO: Source
Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf [Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.], vol. 191, pp. 207-216, 1999
IS: ISSN
0171-8630
AB: Abstract
Although the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is known to be an important copepod predator, the mechanistic basis for its predatory success is not well understood. We directly observed and recorded predation by free-swimming M. leidyi ctenophores on Acartia tonsa and Oithona colcarva copepods (n = 349 encounters, 25 different ctenophores) in the laboratory using videographic methods. Overall capture success was relatively high (74%) following copepod contact with M. leidyi. However, average retention of copepods initially contacting the interior surfaces of the oral lobes (the major capture sites) was considerably lower (34%). Average retention was low because copepods most frequently collided head-first with the oral lobes and bounced away without being captured. Escape success for copepods declined rapidly during ensuing contacts, and most captures (57%) involved multiple contacts within an encounter. Our most novel finding was that almost half (49%) of the encounters involved alterations of oral lobe positions which preceded, or anticipated, actual contact with a copepod. Anticipatory responses were cued to fluid disturbances created by swimming copepods. Anticipation of prey contact allowed ctenophores to shift oral lobe positions and reduce copepod escape avenues, thereby increasing the number of contacts per encounter and significantly increasing capture efficiency.

Record 14 of 64

TI: Title
Diet diversity of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora, Lobata) from the Black Sea bay
OT: Original Title
Raznoobrazie pishchi u grebnevika Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora, Lobata) v pribrezh'e Chernogo morya
AU: Author
Tsikhon-Lukanina, EA; Reznichenko, OG; Lukasheva, TA
AF: Author Affiliation
Institut Okeanologii RAN Moscow Russia
SO: Source
Zoologicheskij zhurnal. Moscow [Zool. Zh.], vol. 78, no. 8, pp. 916-921, 1999
IS: ISSN
0044-5134
AB: Abstract
Relations between Mnemiopsis leidyi diet diversity and a consumer body length, number and size of organisms in pharynx are studied in the northeastern coastal zone of the Black Sea (Russia). Significant changes in these characters are found during spring-summer period. A model of changes in ctenophore diet diversity is developed. Dynamics of trophoecological characteristics of coastal ctenophore populations is considered. A significant role of the transitional zone in regulation of ctenophore number is stated due to just here growing organisms consume predominantly fish larvae and large meroplankton organisms.

Record 15 of 64

TI: Title
The first mass record of Beroe ovata in Calamitsky Bay of the Black Sea
OT: Original Title
Massovoe poyavlenie grebnevika Beroe ovata (Ctenophora, Beroida) v pribrezhnykh vodakh Kalamitskogo zaliva Chernogo morya
AU: Author
Kochina, EM
AF: Author Affiliation
Institute of Zoology, 15, Bogdan Khmelnitskii St., 01601, Kiev, Ukraine
SO: Source
Vestnik zoologii. Kiev [Vestn. Zool.], vol. 33, no. 6, 26, 1999
IS: ISSN
0084-5604
NT: Notes
Short note.
AB: Abstract
Up to the present time two ctenophore species inhabiting the Black and Azov Seas was recorded in the Ukrainian fauna: Pleuribrachia pileus, order Cidippida, and a recent intruder Mnemiopsis leidyi, order Lobata. New for the Black Sea fauna ctenophore Beroe ovata, order Beroida, was recorded off Bulgaria coast in 1997. In August 1999 mass aggregations of Beroe ovata was recorded in the littoral zone of the Kalamitsky Bay of the Black Sea (Crimea, Ukraine). According to their morphological features the ctenophores founded correspond to the diagnosis Beroe ovata. M. leidyi is the only food organism for B. ovata in nature. Decreasing of M. leidyi abundance in the Black Sea was predicted. It was suggested that B. ovata does not penetrate from the Mediterranean into the Black Sea earlier due to trophic state of the ecosystem.

Record 16 of 64

TI: Title
First record of alien species Beroe ovata (Ctenophora) near the Crimea coast
OT: Original Title
Obnaruzhenie grebnevika-vselentsa Beroe ovata u beregov Kryma
AU: Author
Romanova, ZA; Finenko, GA; Shadrin, NA
AF: Author Affiliation
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (IBSS) 2, Nakhimov Av., 99011, Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine
SO: Source
Vestnik zoologii. Kiev [Vestn. Zool.], vol. 33, no. 6, p. 90, 1999
IS: ISSN
0084-5604
NT: Notes
Short note.
AB: Abstract
The alien species Beroe ovata (Ctenophora) was found for the first time in the Black Sea near the Bulgaria coast in October, 1977. In August, 1999 it was recorded in the Kazachja Bight, Sevastopol (Ukraine). In September 1999 B. ovata was abundant in the Sevastopol area. Individuals of 18-22 mm length prevail in the population. Visual observations confirm that B. ovata foraging on the other alien Ctenophora species, Mnemiopsis leidyi.

Record 17 of 64

TI: Title
Changes of zooplankton community of the Blue Bay after introduction of Mnemiopsis in the Black Sea
OT: Original Title
Izmeneniya zooplanktonnogo soobshchestva Goluboj bukhty posle vseleniya v Chernoe more grebnivika mnemiopsisa
AU: Author
Khoroshilov, VS; Lukasheva, TA
AF: Author Affiliation
Institut okeanologii im. P.P.Shirshova RAN Moskva Russia
SO: Source
Okeanologiya. Moscow [Okeanologiya], vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 567-572, 1999
IS: ISSN
0030-1574
AB: Abstract
Regular all-year-around observations of zooplankton community of one of the coastal sites of north-eastern part of the Black Sea were carried out in 1991-1994. Results of observations shoroed that the average biomass of mezoplankton sharply decreased (in 1-2 orders) after introduction of Mnemiopsis. The share of some species of zooplankton in the community was changed. Some changes of seasonal dynamics of zooplankton biomass under press of Mnemiopsis were observed also -- the fall peak of the biomass was fixed later than it was before the introduction. The average biomass of the Ctenophore was decreased during the monitoring. Maximum of its abundance in August-September as a result of intensive reproduction and maximum of its biomass in November and winter months were character for Mnemiopsis seasonal dynamics.

Record 18 of 64

TI: Title
Invasion of the Black Sea by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and recent changes in pelagic community structure
AU: Author
Shiganova, TA
AF: Author Affiliation
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36 Nakhimovskiy Pr., 117851 Moscow, Russia; E-mail: shiganov@ecosys.sio.rssi.ru
SO: Source
Fisheries Oceanography [Fish. Oceanogr.], vol. 7, no. 3-4, pp. 305-310, Dec 1998
IS: ISSN
1054-6006
NT: Notes
GLOBEC special issue.
AB: Abstract
A short synthesis of the present state of the ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, invasion in the Black Sea is given, together with a brief review of its status in other areas of the Mediterranean basin. The impact of M. leidyi on the main components of the pelagic community, mesozooplankton, ichthyoplankton and fish resources, based on published data and new field studies (1992-1997) are analysed. This assessment showed sharp fluctuations in the interannual abundance of M. leidyi. The main factors controlling the spatial distribution of M. leidyi were temperature and, to a lesser degree, salinity, whereas its abundance was controlled by food availability. An analysis of the main constituents of the pelagic ecosystem of the Black Sea before the M. leidyi outbreak showed that a reduction in numbers of planktivorous fishes, the main competitors of M. leidyi, could be a possible reason for the upsurge in abundance of M. leidyi. Following the increase of M. leidyi, there was a decline in the abundance and species diversity of ichthyoplankton and mesozooplankton. An assessment of data collected during the period 1992-1997 showed that the number of fish eggs and larvae and of zooplankton was negatively related to M. leidyi abundance. After the recent decrease of M. leidyi in the period 1995-1997, there has been an increase in abundance and diversity of fish eggs, fish larvae, and zooplankton, which together with an increased catch of planktivorous fish indicates that there has been a recovery of the ecosystem.

Record 19 of 64

TI: Title
Interannual changes in the biomass of the Black Sea gelatinous zooplankton
AU: Author
Kovalev, AV; Piontkovski, SA
AF: Author Affiliation
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, 335011 Sevastopol, Ukraine
SO: Source
Journal of Plankton Research [J. Plankton Res.], vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1377-1385, Jul 1998
IS: ISSN
0142-7873
AB: Abstract
The 15 year changes in the total gelatinous biomass consist of a general trend to increase, from 250 g m super(-2) in 1980 to 2500 g m super(-2) in 1995, and fluctuations with a period of similar to 4 years performed against the background of this trend in the upper 150 m layer. Different species occupying distinct trophic niches form these peaks. When represented as the percentage of the total zooplankton biomass, Aurelia aurita and Mnemiopsis leidyi exhibit the contra-phase fluctuations where a sharp increase in M.leidyi is accompanied by a decrease in the A.aurita biomass.

Record 20 of 64

TI: Title
IMO Committee tackles ballast water problem
AU: Author
Anon.
SO: Source
Ports & Harbors [Ports & Harbors], vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 20-22, Apr 1998
IS: ISSN
0554-7555
AB: Abstract
The Committee discussed measures to deal with the problem of harmful aquatic organisms transported in ballast water and approved a draft Assembly resolution on guidelines for the control and management of ships' ballast water to minimize the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens, for submission to the 20th Assembly for adoption. There has been increased awareness in recent years of the environmental damage caused by the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms in ballast water, which is used to stabilize vessels at sea, Examples of introductions of non-indigenous organisms in new locations include the introduction of the European zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) into the North American Great Lakes, resulting in expenses of billions of dollars for pollution control and cleaning of fouled underwater structures and water pipes, and the introduction of the American comb jelly (Mnemiopsis leidyi) into the Black and Azov Seas, causing the near extinction of the anchovy and sprat fisheries.

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