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Atmospheric supply of nitrogen, lead, cadmium, mercury and dioxins/furans to the Baltic Sea in 2005

 

Authors:

Jerzy Bartnicki - MSC-W of EMEP e-mail: jerzy.bartnicki@met.no
Alexey Gusev - MSC-E of EMEP e-mail: alexey.gusev@msceast.org
Wenche Aas - CCC of EMEP e-mail: wenche.aas@nilu.no
Hilde Fagerli - MSC-W of EMEP e-mail: hilde.fagerli@met.no

 

Summary

The results presented in this EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM are based on the modelling and monitoring data presented to the 31th Session of the Steering Body of EMEP in Geneva in September 2007. It includes measurements, as well as emissions and depositions calculated by the EMEP models of nitrogen compounds, heavy metals and PCDD/F for the year 2005.

The measured monthly and annual 2005 concentrations in air and precipitation for nitrogen species, heavy metals, as well as air concentrations for lindane are presented in the report. Both for nitrogen and heavy metals a significant south-east gradient can be noticed in the measured concentrations in 2005. The temporal patterns of monthly Cd and Pb concentrations show a strong winter maximum and temporal pattern of Hg monthly concentrations weaker wintermaxim. During winter the atmospheric residence time is longer due to reduced vertical mixing.

Annual emissions from the HELCOM Contractig Parties in 2005 are shown below for all pollutants considered in the report. The annual nitrogen oxides emission from the international ship traffic on the Baltic Sea in 2005 is 343kt NO2 (or 104 kt N).

 

CountryPollutant
NO2 (kt N)NH3 (kt N)Cd (tonnes)Pb (tonnes)Hg (tonnes)PCDD/F (g TEQ)
Denmark56.676.20.65.61.325
Estonia9.87.60.636.70.53
Finland54.029.81.323.50.926
Germany439.0510.12.7106.82.774
Latvia12.511.50.516.70.119
Lithuania17.532.50.45.70.411
Poland246.8268.946.0536.520.1416
Russia941.4511.459.4355.014.0747
Sweden62.443.10.516.50.739
HELCOM1840.11491.2112.01103.041.01360
 

Compared to 2004 emissions, annual emissions in 2005 are slightly lower for almost all pollutants except NO2 ship emissions on the Baltic Sea which are 2.5% higher.

Annual depositions of all considered pollutants in 2005 are shown in the Table below for 6 sub-basins of the Baltic Sea and for the entire Baltic Sea.


BasinPollutant
Ox-N (kt N)Red-N (kt N)Cd (tonnes)Pb (tonnes)Hg (tonnes)PCDD/F (g TEQ)
GUB18.311.71.24440.7238
BAP7.95.04.111361.5186
GUF5.43.90.50170.2221
GUR66.049.40.34110.1416
BES9.212.30.54210.1926
KAT9.69.20.54220.2012
BAS 116.491.47.302513.00199

Nitrogen depositions followed the nitrogen emission changes and were lower in 2005 than in 2004 in most of sub-basins and in the entire Baltic Sea Basin. Depositions of heavy metals to the entire Baltic Sea remain on the same level in 2005 as in 2004, but there are some differences in distributions among sub-basins. Deposition of PCDD/F to the entire Baltic Sea is approximately 6% higher in 2005 than in 2004. There is also an increase of PCDD/F deposition from 2004 to 2005 for most of the sub-basins.


Separate Chapters of the report, as well as, links to the Indicator Fact Sheets can be found below

Title pages

Preface, Acknowledgments, Contents   

Introduction

Introductory remarks

Observed Pollutant Concentrations at HELCOM Stations in 2005

Map of HELCOM measurement stations. Nitrogen concentrations in air and precipitation. Heavy metals in air Lindane measurements. Remarks about intercalibration.   

Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2005

Nitrogen emissions. Annual and monthly depositions. Source allocation budget.   

Atmospheric Supply of Lead to the Baltic Sea in 2005

Lead emissions. Annual and monthly depositions. Source allocation budget. Comparison of model results and measurements.   

Atmospheric Supply of Cadmium to the Baltic Sea in 2005

Cadmium emissions. Annual and monthly depositions. Source allocation budget. Comparison of model results and measurements.   

Atmospheric Supply of Mercury to the Baltic Sea in 2005

Mercury emissions. Annual and monthly depositions. Source allocation budget. Comparison of model results and measurements.   

Atmospheric Supply of PCDD/F to the Baltic Sea in 2005

PCDDF emissions. Annual and monthly depositions. Source allocation budget. Comparison of model results and measurements.   

References

References quoted in the report.   

Appendix A

Tables with complete results of measurements at all available HELCOM stations in 2005   

Appendix B

Updated for 2005 information on monitoring methods, accuracy, detection limits and precision.  
Appendix CHELCOM Indicator Fact Sheet on nitrogen emissions
Appendix DHELCOM Indicator Fact Sheet on nitrogen depositions
Appendix EHELCOM Indicator Fact Sheet on heavy metal emissions
Appendix FHELCOM Indicator Fact Sheet on heavy metal depositions
Appendix GHELCOM Indicator Fact Sheet on pcddf emissions
Appendix HHELCOM Indicator Fact Sheet on pcddf depositions

Click here for a 1 PDF file version of report (17MB)


This report has been prepared for the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, based on the model estimates and monitoring results which have been presented to the thirty first session of the Steering Body of EMEP (Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe). This present, ninth joint summary report for HELCOM includes the measurements and results of modelling in the Baltic Sea region for oxidized nitrogen, reduced nitrogen, lead, cadmium, mercury and dioxins/furans for the year 2005. It has been developed in a frame of close collaboration between three modelling and monitoring EMEP centres: MSC-W, MSC-E and CCC, and is available now on the EMEP WEB pages and later on the HELCOM WEB pages. The report, as a draft, was presented and discussed at the Tenth MONAS Meeting (2-6/10/2007) in Helsinki Finland, together with corresponding drafts of the Indicator Fact Sheets. Participants of this meeting were asked for the comments and corrections which are taken into account in the present final version of the report and Indicator Fact Sheets, as well. All comments/corrections received form the HELCOM Parties are listed on this site.

Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to the scientific teams at MSC-E, MSC-W and CCC for providing the results included in this report and especially to Per Helmer Skaali for his help with the Internet related tasks. We are grateful to Ms. Marina Varygina, Dr. Ilia Iliyn and Prof. Victor Shatalov for their contribution to this work, valuable remarks and comments.