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Concentrations of (a) sulfate and (b) nitrate in snow
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Concentrations of (a) sulfate and (b) nitrate in snow
| Sources | Tsaturov pers. comm., Dayan et al. 1985, Barrie et al. 1985, Shaw et al. 1993, Galloway et al. 1982, National Environment Research Institute pers. comm., Davidson et al. 1987, Semb et al. 1984, Joranger and Semb 1989, Tikkanen and Niemelä 1995, Jaffe et al. 1995. Dayan, U., J.M. Miller, W. Keene and J.N. Galloway, 1985. An analysis of precipitation chemistry data from Alaska. Atmos. Environ. 19(4): 651-657. Barrie, L.A., D. Fisher and R.M. Koerner, 1985. Twentieth century trends in Arctic air pollution revealed by conductivity and acidity observations in snow and ice in the Canadian high Arctic. Atmos. Environ. 19(12): 2055-2063. Shaw, G.E., J.A. Shaw and A. Raymond 1993. The snows of interior Alaska. Atmos. Environ. 27A(13): 2091-2096. Galloway, J.N., G.E. Likens, W.C. Keene and J.M. Miller, 1982. The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world. J. geophys. Res. 87: 8771-8786. Davidson, C.I., R.E. Honrath, J.B. Kadane, R.S. Tsay, P.A. Mayewski, W.B. Lyons and N.Z. Heidam, 1987. The scavenging of atmosphuric sulfate by arctic snow. Atmos. Environ. 21(4): 871-882. Semb, A., R. Braekkan and E. Joranger, 1984. Major ions in Spitsbergen snow samples. Geophys. Res. Lett. 11(5): 443-448. Joranger, E. and A. Semb, 1989. Major ions and scavenging of sulphate in the Norwegian Arctic. Atmos. Environ. 23(11): 2463-2370. Tikkanen, E. and I. Niemelä (eds.), 1995. Kola peninsula pollutants and forest ecosystems in Lapland. Final Report of The Lapland Forest Damage Project. Finland's Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Gummerus, Jyväskylä, 82p. Jaffe, D., B. Cerundolo, J. Rickers, R. Stolzberg and A. Baklanov, 1995. Deposition of sulfate and heavy metals on the Kola peninsula. Sci. Total Environ. 160/161: 127-134. (AAR Figure 9.9) | ||||
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Graphical production: Philippe Rekacewicz and Emmanuelle Bournay (GRID-Arendal) | ||||
| Appears in |
AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues |
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| Published | 1998 | ||||
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