Major pathways of contaminants into and within the Arctic environment

A multi-compartment schematic diagram of the major pathways of contaminants into and within the Arctic environment
Major pathways of contaminants into and within the Arctic environment

(a) Trajectories of five satellite-tracked buoys launched in Mackenzie Bay, Canada, and (b) results of 30-day trajectories of oil launched from five hypothetical spill locations in the Beaufort Sea

(a) Trajectories of five satellite-tracked buoys launched in Mackenzie Bay, Canada, and (b) results of 30-day trajectories of oil launched from five hypothetical spill locations in the Beaufort Sea
(a) Trajectories of five satellite-tracked buoys launched in Mackenzie Bay, Canada, and (b) results of 30-day trajectories of oil launched from five hypothetical spill locations in the Beaufort Sea

Model evaluation comparing a five-day model simulation with results of an oil release experiment in the marginal ice zone near Svalbard in April 1993

Model evaluation comparing a five-day model simulation with results of an oil release experiment in the marginal ice zone near Svalbard in April 1993
Model evaluation comparing a five-day model simulation with results of an oil release experiment in the marginal ice zone near Svalbard in April 1993

Schematic diagram of the Combined Model Ten climatic zones, each containing well-mixed compartments, are connected by meridional atmospheric and oceanic exchange

Schematic diagram of the Combined Model Ten climatic zones, each containing well-mixed compartments, are connected by meridional atmospheric and oceanic exchange
Schematic diagram of the Combined Model Ten climatic zones, each containing well-mixed compartments, are connected by meridional atmospheric and oceanic exchange

A schematic of the three-level thermodynamic snow ice system model

A schematic of the three-level thermodynamic snow ice system model
A schematic of the three-level thermodynamic snow ice system model

Distribution of radioactivity (PCi/L) in the surface layer of the ocean after ten years of simulation of Preller's model Source locations are the Ob, Yenisey and Pechora Rivers, as well as Sellafield

Distribution of radioactivity (PCi/L) in the surface layer of the ocean after ten years of simulation of Preller's model Source locations are the Ob, Yenisey and Pechora Rivers, as well as Sellafield
Distribution of radioactivity (PCi/L) in the surface layer of the ocean after ten years of simulation of Prellers model Source locations are the Ob, Yenisey and Pechora Rivers, as well as Sellafield

Yearly and depth-averaged concentrations (Bq/m3) of 137Cs after 6 years from Harms' model The sources are instantaneous releases of 1 PBq from the dump sites in Abrosimov Bay, Stepovogo Bay, Tsivolky Bay, and Novaya Zemlya Trough

Yearly and depth-averaged concentrations (Bq/m3) of 137Cs after 6 years from Harms' model The sources are instantaneous releases of 1 PBq from the dump sites in Abrosimov Bay, Stepovogo Bay, Tsivolky [..]
Yearly and depth-averaged concentrations (Bq/m3) of 137Cs after 6 years from Harms model The sources are instantaneous releases of 1 PBq from the dump sites in Abrosimov Bay, Stepovogo Bay, Tsivolky Bay, and Novaya Zemlya Trough

Vertically integrated tracer burden shown after 15 years Units are burden per unit surface area, normalized by cumulative release Bottom topography is in meters; a) no neptune, centered difference, and b) neptune, flux-corrected transport

Vertically integrated tracer burden shown after 15 years Units are burden per unit surface area, normalized by cumulative release Bottom topography is in meters; a) no neptune, centered difference, [..]
Vertically integrated tracer burden shown after 15 years Units are burden per unit surface area, normalized by cumulative release Bottom topography is in meters; a) no neptune, centered difference, and b) neptune, flux-corrected transport

Contaminant emissions, transport and deposition in the Arctic

An illustration of the interplay between a) contaminant emissions distribution for sulfur dioxide and b) frequency of atmospheric south-to-north transport, yielding c) a net annual input of sulfur to [..]
Contaminant emissions, transport and deposition in the Arctic

Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003

Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003. (a) streamwater flow and pH, (b) non-marine concentrations of sulfate and base cations, and (c) chloride and non-marine [..]
Surface water runoff from the Dalelva catchment, northeastern Norway, 2001–2003

Diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver means) for phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos in lakes and streams in the Murmansk region

Diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver means) for phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos in lakes and streams in the Murmansk region
Diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver means) for phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos in lakes and streams in the Murmansk region

Approximate forest damage zones in the vicinity of Monchegorsk and Nikel and the visible-damage and non-visible-damage zones on the Kola Peninsula and Finnish Lapland The inset shows coverage (%) of lichens (Hypogymnia physodes and Parmelia olivacea) on

Approximate forest damage zones in the vicinity of Monchegorsk and Nikel and the visible-damage and non-visible-damage zones on the Kola Peninsula and Finnish Lapland The inset shows coverage (%) of [..]
Approximate forest damage zones in the vicinity of Monchegorsk and Nikel and the visible-damage and non-visible-damage zones on the Kola Peninsula and Finnish Lapland The inset shows coverage (%) of lichens (Hypogymnia physodes and Parmelia olivacea) on

Annual average of alkalinity and pH as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula

Annual average of alkalinity and pH as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula
Annual average of alkalinity and pH as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula

Annual average of sulfate and base cation concentrations as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula Note: SO4 (non-seasalt) estimated for river Utsjoki from total sulfur

Annual average of sulfate and base cation concentrations as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula Note: SO4 (non-seasalt) estimated for river Utsjoki from total sulfur
Annual average of sulfate and base cation concentrations as measured in rivers in northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula Note: SO4 (non-seasalt) estimated for river Utsjoki from total sulfur

Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula

Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula
Median concentrations of sulfate, base cations, and nitrate in lakes of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula



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