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SPREP LIBRARY & INFORMATION RESOURCE CENTRE

Pacific Environment Information Network [PEIN] Country Profile and Virtual Environment Library

Federated States of Micronesia

Compiled by the SPREP IRC and Library the Pacific Environment Information Network [PEIN] Country Profiles are a browsable compilation of country profiles , national environment reports , technical reports and academic literature for the countries of the Pacific Islands. Contributions of weblinks and documents, whether in hardcopy or digital form are welcome and can be sent to irc@sprep.org .

[*Note that many of the documents below are large pdf files and may be difficult to load. Some pdf files may only be compatible with version 6.0 of adobe acrobat or higher. The issue should be resolved by upgrading to the latest Adobe Reader software. The Reader version 8 is free software available on the Adobe website at www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html .

Documents can be requested from irc@sprep.org .

Contents

Overview
Country Profiles

Country Reports
Technical Reports

Multimedia - posters, videos etc
Academic literature and research
Websites

Overview

*Excerpt from 'Federated States of Micronesia Strategic Development Plan 2004-2023'

The FSM's environment has been steadily degraded as a result of:

• population growth and migration;

• over-harvest of fish and wildlife resources brought on by increasing economic expectations amongst the island populace;

• human activities such as land clearing, logging, dredging, mining, agriculture, uncontrolled disposal of wastes, burning, reclamation, and coastal/near-shore degradation;

• natural hazards such as those associated with extreme weather events, climate change, high tides and sea-level rise; and,

• competition with or predation by introduced alien species.

This degradation has had serious impacts on both the natural environment as well as health and economic prosperity of the FSM's inhabitants and the nation as a whole.

These threats are further magnified in the FSM due to the following factors:

• inadequate technical capacity of National, State and local governments, NGOs, and communities;

• inadequate financial resources, both from internal and external sources, dedicated to the sector;

• inadequate monitoring programs and other feedback to decision-makers; and,

• outdated National, State, and local laws and policies and insufficient enforcement.

Current indicators suggest that the current government environmental agencies, partnerships, and policies are failing to adequately address these environmental challenges. It is anticipated that focusing on the nine strategic areas will bring about change in the sector as measured by the identified outcomes and output measures.

The nine strategic goals that have been identified to improve the environment of FSM are:

• mainstream environmental considerations, including climate change, in national policy and planning as well as in all economic development activities;

• improve and enhance the human environment (improve waste management and pollution control);

• reduce energy use and convert to renewable energy sources/minimize emission of greenhouse gases;

• make FSM's genetic resources accessible for utilization and ensure benefits derived are equitably shared amongst stakeholders;

• manage and protect natural resources/protect, conserve, and sustainably manage a full [functional] representation of the FSM's marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems;

• improve environmental awareness and education and increase involvement of citizenry of the FSM in conserving their country's natural resources;

• establish effective biosecurity (border control, quarantine and eradication) programs to effectively protect the FSM's biodiversity from impacts of alien invasive species;

• create sustainable financing mechanisms for environmental and sustainable resource initiatives; and,

• enhance and employ in-country technical capacity to support environmental programs.

Country Profiles

Adaptation Learning Mechanism [climate change adaptation] country profiles
Federated States of Micronesia

Asian Development Bank Country Profiles and Strategies
Federated States of Micronesia

Biodiversity Clearinghouse Mechanism websites
Federated States of Micronesia

Biosafety Profiles [CBD Biosafety Clearinghouse Mechanism]
Federated States of Micronesia

Birdlife [Avifauna] Profiles

see Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World - browsable by country and by individual island within the Pacific region - excellent data source

see also Species profiles [*For the Globally Threatened Birds (those evaluated as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable), each factsheet contains a summary account, range map and an illustration, plus additional data tables. For Extinct, Extinct in the Wild, Near Threatened, Least Concern and Data Deficient species, each contains a concise summary paragraph and some additional data tables.] [Birdlife International]
Federated States of Micronesia

see also Endemic Bird Areas [EBAs] of the Pacific [incl. Aitutaki (secondary area) ; East Caroline Islands ; Fiji ; Gilbert Islands (secondary area) ; Henderson Island ; Mariana Islands ; Marquesas Islands ; Marshall Islands (secondary area) ; Nauru (secondary area) ; Niuafo‘ou (secondary area) ; Niue (secondary area) ; Northern Line Islands (secondary area) ; Palau ; Pitcairn (secondary area) ; Rapa (secondary area) ; Rimatara ; Rotuma (secondary area) ; Samoan Islands ; Society Islands ; Southern Cook Islands ; Tonga (secondary area) ; Tuamotu archipelago ; Wake Island (secondary area) ; Wallis and Futuna (secondary area) ; Yap Islands ] [Birdlife International]

see also Important bird areas of the Pacific [IBAs] (2010) [Birdlife Pacific]

IBA Profiles:
Federated States of Micronesia

IBA Reports:
Federated States of Micronesia

* order the complete CD-ROM 'Important bird areas in the Pacific: a compendium' from the SPREP IRC

Climate Lab profiles
Federated States of Micronesia

Climate Risk Profile
Federated States of Micronesia (2005; 474kb)

Country Climate Profile [UNDP]
* Sourced from the Adaptation Learning Mechanism, a knowledge sharing platform developed by UNDP in partnership with the Global Environment Facility, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the World Bank, and the United Nations Environment Programme.

Earthtrends Thematic Country Profiles [WRI]
Agriculture and food, Biodiversity and protected areas, Climate and atmosphere, Coastal and marine ecosystems, Economics, business and the environment, Energy and resources, Environmental governance and institutions, Forests, grasslands and drylands, Population, health and human well-being, Water resources and freshwater ecosystems.

Ecoregion Profiles [World Wildlife Fund]
Tropical Moist Forests
Caroline Islands tropical [FSM]

Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests
Yap [FSM]

Environment Statistics - Country Snapshots [UN; 2009]
Federated States of Micronesia

Environmental Vulnerability Index - Country Profiles [SOPAC / UNEP]
Federated States of Micronesia

EU Pacific Country Environment Profiles

see EU Country Partnership Profiles [incl. environment and EDF10 strategies]
Federated States of Micronesia

FAO Country Profiles and Mapping Information System
Federated States of Micronesia

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Country Profiles
Federated States of Micronesia

Fishbase Biodiversity Country Profiles (all fish)
Federated States of Micronesia

Forestry Country Profiles
Forestry Department Country Profiles [FAO]
Federated States of Micronesia

see also FAO Forest Resources Assessments - Data collection for the Pacific region [2000]
Federated States of Micronesia - pt 1 / pt 2

Global Biodiversity Information Forum [GBIF] Country Profiles
Federated States of Micronesia

see also GBIF Google Earth Country Links
Federated States of Micronesia

Global Environment Facility (GEF) Country Profiles
Use the drop down menu to go to the individual profiles - includes GEF-4 Allocation and Utilization , Approved Projects and Projects Under Preparation

Integrated Water Resource Management Profiles [SOPAC]
Federated States of Micronesia

Invasive Species : Country Profiles [ISSG]
Federated States of Micronesia

see also NBII Invasive Species information Node profiles
Federated States of Micronesia

Land-based pollutants inventory for the South Pacific region: Part 2: Regional summary and country profiles [SPREP] (1993; 19mb)

Laws and legislation
SPREP National Laws and Legislation clearinghouse
Federated States of Micronesia

see also 'Legislative reviews' in Country Reports (below)

Mangrove and Wetlands Profiles [ *from Proceedings of the Pacific Regional Workshop on Mangrove Wetlands Protection and Sustainable Use . SPREP, 2002.]
Federated States of Micronesia (2002; 158kb)

see also: A Directory of Wetlands in Oceania [1993]
see also: Wetlands of the Pacific Island Region (2008; 882kb)
see also: IWMI Global Wetlands - Interactive Web Map Server - includes countries of Oceania
see also: Wetlands in Oceania - country profiles and wetlands information [UNEP-WCMC] - Federated States of Micronesia

Marine Resource Profiles

State of Coral Reef Systems
Federated States of Micronesia (2005; 1.45mb),Federated States of Micronesia (2008; 3.17mb),

The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States:2005 (2005; 5.47mb)

see also:

Reefbase Country Profiles (coral reefs, reef fish, biodiversity)
Federated States of Micronesia

see also GIS data for corals in the Pacific from Reefbase - browse by country and reef profile
see also GIS data for marine protected areas in the Pacific from Reefbase - browse by country and ecosystem

Chapter 14 - Status of Coral Reef Resources in Micronesia and American Samoa (2008; 1.95mb)

MPA Global Profiles (marine protected areas database)
Federated States of Micronesia

National Communications Support Programme [Climate] Profiles [UNDP]
Federated States of Micronesia

Pacific Biodiversity Information Forum Country Data:
Federated States of Micronesia

Pacific Regional information System - PRISM [SPC]
Environmental and Climate Statistics
Federated States of Micronesia

Protected Areas

~Pacific Protected Areas database (PBIF)
Federated States of Micronesia

~World Database on Protected Areas - Pacific site profiles
Federated States of Micronesia

Protected Areas Management Effectiveness profiles
Fedrated States of Micronesia (*use drop down menus on website to access country data)

see also: Protected Areas of the Pacific Islands profiles [UNEP / WCMC]
Maps of the Pacific Islands
Wetlands in Oceania - country profiles and wetlands information - Federated States of Micronesia

see also Protected Area profiles on www.protectedplanet.net
Federated States of Micronesia

see also GIS data for marine protected areas in the Pacific - browse by country and ecosystem
see also MPA Global Profiles (marine protected areas database) above

SocMon profiles (Socioeconomic Monitoring Initiative for Coastal Management )
Federated States of Micronesia

SPC Country Profiles:
Federated States of Micronesia

SPREP Country Profiles: Exchange of Information by Members at SPREP Annual Meetings:
- Exchamge of information by Members on National Developments related to Natural Resource Management Priority of the Action Plan [2007]
see Agenda Item 6.1: Country Profiles of the Report and record of the 18th SPREP Meeting of Officials in Apia, Samoa on 11th to 14th September 2007

- Exchange of information by Members on national developments related to Pollution Prevention priority of the SPREP Action Plan [2008]
see Agenda Item 8.6: Country Profiles of the Report and record of the19th SPREP Annual Meeting of Officials in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia on 8–12 September 2008

- Exchange of Information by Members on National Developments Related to the Climate Change Focus Area of the SPREP Action Plan [2009]
see Agenda Item 11.2: Country Profiles of the Report and record of the 20th SPREP Annual Meeting of Officials in Apia, Samoa on 17 - 20 November 2009

- Exchange of Information by Members on Year of Biodiversity [2010]
see Agenda Item 11.3: Country Profiles of the Report and record of the 21st SPREP Meeting of Officials in Madang, Papua New Guinea on 6-10 September 2010
see also individual profiles for: Wallis and Futuna

Sustainable Development Profiles (UN Agenda 21)
Federated States of Micronesia

Threatened species: Summary of species on the 2008 IUCN Red List
Federated States of Micronesia

UNCCD Country Profiles:
Federated States of Micronesia

UNEP Country Profiles [* poorly maintained and little information available]
Federated States of Micronesia

Water Resource Profiles [SOPAC - Pacific water - http://www.pacificwater.org/]
Federated States of Micronesia

see also "Pacific Regional Consultation on Water in Small Island Countries" - country briefing papers (2003)
Federated States of Micronesia

WHO Environmental Health Profiles
Federated States of Micronesia

World Bank Country Profiles [country summary / statistics]
Federated States of Micronesia

World Factbook Country Profiles [CIA]
Federated States of Micronesia

World Ocean Database 2005 [NOAA]
Geographically sorted data for the Pacific Ocean [datasets]

see also Environmental indicators: South Pacific (UNEP: 2004; 6.23mb)
see also Polynesia / Micronesia Biodiversity Hotspot Ecosystem Profile (2007; 1.16mb)

Country Reports

Asian Development Bank Country Environmental Analysis Reports
Federated States of Micronesia - draft (2005; 20.3mb),

Country Strategy Papers and National Indicative Programmes [European Union - EDF9]
Federated States of Micronesia (2002-2007;547kb)

Country Strategy Papers and National Indicative Programmes [European Union - EDF10]
Federated States of Micronesia (2008-2013; 2.45mb)

E-waste (electronic waste) - National reports and inventories
Federated States of Micronesia (2009; 8.35mb)

Legislative Reviews
Federated States of Micronesia (2009; 244kb)
Federated States of Micronesia (1992; 15.21mb)

Mauritius Strategy + 5 Review: National Assessment Reports [5-year Review of Progress Made in Addressing Vulnerabilities of Small Islands Developing States Through Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for Further Implementation (MSI) of the
Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA) ]
Federated States of Micronesia (2010; 231kb)

National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plans (NBSAP)
Federated States of Micronesia (2002; 1.16mb) - Chuuk State (2004; 211kb), Kosrae State (2004; 128kb), Pohnpei State (2004; 5.32mb) ,Yap (2004; 1.85mb) - - - see also FSM 'blueprint' (2004; 2.3mb)

NBSAP Stocktake Reports: Federated States of Micronesia (marine biodiversity) (2002; 85kb), Federated States of Micronesia (terrestrial biodiversity) (2002; 231kb)

National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA)

NCSA Status (NCSA website)
Federated States of Micronesia

National climate change policies
Federated States of Micronesia (2009; 3mb)

National Environment Management Strategy (NEMS)
Federated States of Micronesia (1993; 12.46mb)

National Invasive Species
Invasives reports:Federated States of Micronesia - Chuuk (2000; 323kb) / Kosrae (2000; 343kb), Micronesia - region (1999; 878kb)

see also Invasives Species on Pacific Islands [reports] - HEAR / PIER project website

National [Sustainable] Development Plans / Strategies [ForumSec]
Federated States Of Micronesia 2004-2023 (Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3) and FSM Strategic Planning Matrix: Environment (2004: 151kb)

National Assessment Reports: Federated States of Micronesia (2006; 300kb)

ADB Reports: Federated States of Micronesia (2005; 638kb)

ADB Economic Reviews: Federated States of Micronesia (2000; 465kb)

Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change [PACC] - reports, activities and PACC news updates
Federated States of Micronesia

Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change [PACC] - report of in-country consultations
Federated States of Micronesia - Kosrae (2009; 110kb)

Pacific Regional Consultation on Water in Small Island Countries - Country briefings
Federated States of Micronesia (2003; 211kb),

Pacific Regional Energy Assessment: Country Reports (PIREP)
Federated States of Micronesia (2004; 883kb),

Regional overview report (2004; 2.59mb)

Peristant Organic Pollutants (POPs): Country Plans
Federated States of Micronesia (2003; 855kb),

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention, 1989), the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam Convention, 1998) and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) (Stockholm Convention, 2001) together provide an international framework for the environmentally sound management of hazardous chemicals throughout their life cycles.

Sea Level & Climate: their present state: Country reports
Federated States of Micronesia (2006; 2.11mb)

see also:

Climate Risk Profiles
Federated States of Micronesia (2005; 474kb)

Ships' Waste Management in Pacific Islands Ports: Country reports
Federated States of Micronesia

State of the Environment Reports
Federated States of Micronesia (1992; 3.9mb)

see also the archive of SPREP Country Reports between 1980-1983 as follows:
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1980; 3.42mb)see also the 1982 Conference on the Human Environment in the South Pacific (1mb) plus working papers (1.84mb).

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED: Brazil, 1992)
Country Reports : Federated States of Micronesia (1991 ; 290kb)

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, 1992) and the Rio Declaration highlighted the need for sustainable development-socially responsible economic development that protects the resource base and the environment for the benefit of future generations. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which was one of the outcome instruments of the UNCED process, also highlights the need for conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.

United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD)
National Reports: Federated States of Micronesia 1 (2001 ; 122kb), Federated States of Micronesia 2 (2001 ; 274kb)

Fourth National Reports:
Federated States of Micornesia (2010; 5.54mb)

see also Country profiles compiled by the Secretariat for the UNCBD.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which was one of the outcome instruments of the UNCED process, highlights the need for conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Land Degradation) (UNCCD)
Second National Report: Federated States of Micronesia preliminary report (2002; 152kb)

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification is an agreement to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

(i) National Communications and In-depth Reviews
Federated States of Micronesia (1997; 199kb)

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC,1992) is concerned with global warming and the consequent rise in sea levels that may result in the flooding of coastal areas, and submerging islands, which could adversely affect coastal communities. The treaty aims at reducing emissions of greenhouse gas in order to combat global warming. Although the treaty as originally framed set no mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual nations and contained no enforcement provisions; it did include provisions for updates (called "protocols") that would set mandatory emission limits. The principal update is the Kyoto Protocol.

World Summit on Sustainable Development [Rio+10 - Johannesburg 2002]

National Assessment Reports:
Federated States of Micronesia (2002; 564kb)

Pacific WSSD Regional Assessment (2002; 91kb) and Pacific Position Paper (2004; 91kb)
see also: Synthesis Report for Asia and the Pacific (2001; 1.22mb)

The WSSD Plan of Implementation calls for the management of the natural resources base in a sustainable and integrated manner. In this regard, to reverse the current trend in natural resource degradation as soon as possible, it is necessary to implement strategies which should include targets adopted at the national and, where appropriate, regional levels to protect ecosystems and to achieve integrated management of land, water and living resources, while strengthening regional, national and local capacities. The Johannesburg Declaration and the Plan of Implementation arising from the World Summit for Sustainable Development (WSSD, 2002) reconfirmed the commitment of States to advance and strengthen the interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development-economic development, social development and environmental protection-at the local, national, regional and global levels.

Technical Reports

Reports available online from the SPREP Library and IRC database
Reports available online from SOPAC [Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission]
Reports available online from ReefBase Pacific

search also SPC Coastal and Oceanic Fisheries Digital Library

Multimedia - posters, videos etc

Poster: Common pelagic fish of Pohnpei [SPC]

Pohnpei, Micronesia - Experiences of Global Warming
- Ben Namakin from Pohnpeii, Micronesia documents impacts of climate change on his island home in the South Pacific. Ben is a WWF Climate Witness.

Academic literature and research

via Google Scholar

Websites

Biodiversity Clearinghouse Mechanism website
Federated States of Micronesia

Conservation Society of Pohnpei
"The Conservation Society of Pohnpei was founded in 1999 by a group of local individuals concerned with the need to preserve Pohnpei’s natural heritage while encouraging sustainable development. Over the past eight years we have grown to become one of the region’s premier conservation groups, leading the way in Pohnpei’s environmental movement through our myriad of partnership work with local communities, government agencies and organizations. We strive to mobilize community participation in resource management, promote conservation policies and laws, and develop successful alternatives to resource exploitation."Website iIncludes information about projects plus access to marine and terrestrial factsheets and results from Rapid Ecological Surveys.

Epinup Community Mangrove Conservation Project [FSM]

Govt. website
Federated States of Micronesia

Island Research and Education Initiative
Island Research & Educational Initiative (IREI) is a not-for-profit, non-governmental organization committed to upholding the unique environmental and cultural legacies of islands and island peoples. We initiate and implement our own projects and collaborate with like-minded groups. The scientific and educational work by IREI is carried out in direct response to specific concerns in specific locales.

Meteorological Office
Federated States of Micronesia

Micronesia Challenge

Micronesia Challenge blog

Micronesia Conservation Trust [MCT]

Micronesians in Island Conservation [MIC]
The purpose of MIC is to strengthen the collaborative, organizational, technical, and policy skills of leaders and organizations so that, together with communities, they can advance the conservation and management of important natural areas in Micronesia. Site includes a blog of latest news and developments.

Micronesian Seminar

National Oceanic Resource Management Authority (NORMA)

Office of Statistics, Budget and Economic Management, Overseas Development Assistance and Compact Management (SBOC)

SPREP Library and IRC collection [SLIC] - includes online full text access to a wide range of Pacific environment materials.

The Pacific Environment Information Network [PEIN] Virtual Library - full text publications from SPREP, SOPAC, SPC and other CROP agencies, Pacific govt. environment depts. , regional institutions, and NGOs active in the area of environment conservation.

Pacific Environment Databases and Recommended Internet Resources

see also:

SPREP's International Instruments' webpage
"International instruments relevant to SPREP's work in the areas of Sustainable Economic Development, Ecosystems Management, Climate Change, and Waste Management."